{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:02:46Z","timestamp":1760241766218,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20875106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20875106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co., Ltd.","award":["05XM-QK[2012]019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05XM-QK[2012]019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to improve the discrimination performance of electronic noses by introducing a new method for measuring the similarity of the signals obtained from the electronic nose. We constructed abstract odor factor maps (AOFMs) as the characteristic maps of odor samples by decomposition of three-way signal data array of an electronic nose. A similarity measure for two-way data was introduced to evaluate the similarities and differences of AOFMs from different samples. The method was assessed by three types of pipe and powder tobacco samples. Comparisons were made with other techniques based on PCA, SIMCA, PARAFAC and PARAFAC2. The results showed that our method had significant advantages in discriminating odor samples with similar flavors or with high VOCs release.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]],"date-time":"2018-08-13T11:27:13Z","timestamp":1534159633000},"page":"2658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Odor Discrimination by Similarity Measures of Abstract Odor Factor Maps from Electronic Noses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Weiqing","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haohui","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Center, China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510385, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junzhang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technology Center, China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510385, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5281-8400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5440.711","article-title":"The olfactory bulb: Coding and processing of odor molecule information","volume":"286","author":"Mori","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1038\/299352a0","article-title":"Analysis of discrimination mechanisms in the mammalian olfactory system using a model nose","volume":"299","author":"Persaud","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(96)01819-9","article-title":"Performance definition and standardization of electronic noses","volume":"33","author":"Gardner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sens. 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