{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T10:00:47Z","timestamp":1776160847583,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we present a forward collision warning application for smartphones that uses license plate recognition and vehicular communication to generate warnings for notifying the drivers of the vehicle behind and the one ahead, of a probable collision when the vehicle behind does not maintain an established safe distance between itself and the vehicle ahead. The application was tested in both static and mobile scenarios, from which we confirmed the working of our application, even though its performance is affected by the hardware limitations of the smartphones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,14]],"date-time":"2018-08-14T10:31:16Z","timestamp":1534242676000},"page":"2672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Forward Collision Warning System for Smartphones Using Image Processing and V2V Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhadeep","family":"Patra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Telecommunications and Information Processing, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Ghent 9000, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera S\/N, Valencia 46022, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4746-9087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Veelaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPI-Imec Research Group at Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, Ghent 9000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5729-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos T.","family":"Calafate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera S\/N, Valencia 46022, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0038-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan-Carlos","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera S\/N, Valencia 46022, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0215-4460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willian","family":"Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera S\/N, Valencia 46022, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science, Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manab\u00ed, Av. 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