{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:21:55Z","timestamp":1771665715580,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2016YFC0302101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0302101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, cabled ocean observation technology has been increasingly used for deep sea in situ research. As sophisticated sensor or measurement system starts to be applied on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), it presents the requirement to maintain a stable condition of measurement system cabin. In this paper, we introduce one kind of ROV-based Raman spectroscopy measurement system (DOCARS) and discuss the development characteristics of its cabin condition during profile measurement process. An available and straightforward modeling methodology is proposed to realize predictive control for this trend. This methodology is based on the Autoregressive Exogenous (ARX) model and is optimized through a series of sea-going test data. The fitting result demonstrates that during profile measurement processes this model can availably predict the development trends of DORCAS\u2019s cabin condition during the profile measurement process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T11:23:06Z","timestamp":1534764186000},"page":"2729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Analysis and Modeling Methodologies for Heat Exchanges of Deep-Sea In Situ Spectroscopy Detection System Based on ROV"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xiaorui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fujun","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wangquan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinjia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronger","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2017.02.005","article-title":"Development of a new deep-sea hybrid Raman insertion probe and its application to the geochemistry of hydrothermal vent and cold seep fluids","volume":"123","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. Part I"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2016.05.006","article-title":"In situ, Raman measurement of HS\u2212, and H2S in sediment pore waters and use of the HS\u2212: H2S ratio as an indicator of pore water pH","volume":"184","author":"Peltzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Du, Z., Zheng, R., Luan, Z., Qi, F., Cheng, K., Wang, B., Ye, W., Liu, X., and Chen, C. (2016, January 19\u201323). Development of a new hybrid Raman insertion probe for deep-ocean science. Proceedings of the MTS\/IEEE Oceans Conference, Monterey, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANS.2016.7761327"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2003.11.005","article-title":"Development of a laser Raman spectrometer for deep-ocean science","volume":"51","author":"Brewer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Deep Sea Res. Part I"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GL047141","article-title":"In situ Raman-based measurements of high dissolved methane concentrations in hydrate-rich ocean sediments","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2008.11.008","article-title":"Laser Raman spectroscopy as a technique for identification of seafloor hydrothermal and cold seep minerals","volume":"259","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111107","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4931128","article-title":"Non-gated laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in bulk water by position-selective detection","volume":"107","author":"Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9630","DOI":"10.1021\/es0511725","article-title":"Seeing a Deep Ocean CO2 Enrichment Experiment in a New Light: Laser Raman Detection of Dissolved CO2 in Seawater","volume":"39","author":"Dunk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berndt, C., Crutchley, G., Klaucke, I., Jegen, M., Lebas, E., Muff, S., Lieser, K., Roth, T., Chi, W.-C., and Feseker, T. (2014, January 7\u201310). Geological controls on the gas hydrate system of Formosa Ridge, South China Sea. Proceedings of the Oceans Conference, Taipei, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANS-TAIPEI.2014.6964481"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8196","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.56.008196","article-title":"Development of a compact underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system and preliminary results in sea trials","volume":"56","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12377","DOI":"10.3390\/s150612377","article-title":"Investigation of Two Novel Approaches for Detection of Sulfate Ion and Methane Dissolved in Sediment Pore Water Using Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"15","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Z., Song, M., Yin, G., Wang, H., Ma, X., and Song, H. (2017). Cross Deployment Networking and Systematic Performance Analysis of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17071619"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Yinger, P., Tennant, P., Reardon, J., Harkins, G., McGuire, C., Harrington, M., and Mulvihill, M. (2013, January 23\u201327). Commissioning of a system that terminates on the seafloor. Proceedings of the MTS\/IEEE Oceans Conference, San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnes, C.R., Best, M.M.R., Bornhold, B.D., Juniper, S.K., Pirenne, B., and Phibbs, P. (2007, January 17\u201320). The NEPTUNE Project\u2014A cabled ocean observatory in the NE Pacific: Overview, challenges and scientific objectives for the installation and operation of Stage I in Canadian waters. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies, Tokyo, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/UT.2007.370809"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2004.839938","article-title":"North east pacific time-integrated undersea networked experiments (NEPTUNE): Cable switching and protection","volume":"30","author":"Upadhye","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE J. Oceanic Eng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, W., Li, Y., Li, W., Qi, F., and Zheng, R. (2016, January 11\u201313). Shore-based terminal of OUC-Raman instrument node for seafloor cabled observatory network. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), Nanjing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSensT.2016.7796307"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Qi, F., Ye, W., Song, Z., and Zheng, R. (2016, January 11\u201313). Design and reliability analysis for underwater control system in OUC-Raman instrument node of seafloor observatory network. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST), Nanjing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSensT.2016.7796308"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7744","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.55.007744","article-title":"Highly sensitive Raman system for dissolved gas analysis in water","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00343-015-4096-8","article-title":"Feasibility investigation on deep ocean compact autonomous Raman spectrometer developed for in situ detection of acid radical ions","volume":"33","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26818","DOI":"10.3390\/s151026818","article-title":"Observability Analysis of DVL\/PS Aided INS for a Maneuvering AUV","volume":"15","author":"Klein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duraibabu, D.B., Leen, G., Toal, D., Newe, T., Lewis, E., and Dooly, G. (2017). Underwater Depth and Temperature Sensing Based on Fiber Optic Technology for Marine and Fresh Water Applications. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061228"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2008.2006568","article-title":"A Multivariate Regression Approach to Adjust AATSR Sea Surface Temperature to In Situ Measurements","volume":"6","author":"Tandeo","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2014.2362830","article-title":"Actively Controllable Switching for Tree Topology Seafloor Observation Networks","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J. Oceanic Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"McGinnis, T., Michel-Hart, N., Mathewson, M., and Shanahan, T. (2013, January 23\u201327). Deep profiler for the ocean observatories initiative Regional Scale Nodes: Rechargable, Adaptive, ROV Servicable. Proceedings of the MTS\/IEEE Oceans Conference, San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2014.2336791","article-title":"Study on Heat Dissipation and Cooling Optimization of the Junction Box of OBSEA Seafloor Observatory","volume":"20","author":"Toma","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans. Mech."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Mcdonald, G., and Naiman, M. (2002, January 29\u201331). Heat-transfer advances for submerged oceanographic systems. Proceedings of the MTS\/IEEE Oceans Conference, Biloxi, MI, USA."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Karim, O., Crebier, J.C., Gillot, C., Schaeffer, C., Mallet, B., and Gimet, E. (2001, January 17\u201321). Heat transfer coefficient for water cooled heat sink: Application for standard power modules cooling at high temperature. Proceedings of the Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2005.09.011","article-title":"Numerical study of the natural convection in cavity heated from the lower corner and cooled from the ceiling","volume":"26","author":"Nasr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2010.2042236","article-title":"Recursive Identification for Nonlinear ARX Systems Based on Stochastic Approximation Algorithm","volume":"55","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Automat. Control"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2015.2403576","article-title":"Online System Identification of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle via In-Field Experiments","volume":"41","author":"Eng","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Oceanic Eng."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/8\/2729\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:19:40Z","timestamp":1760195980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/8\/2729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s18082729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18082729","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]}}}