{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T18:02:48Z","timestamp":1773511368745,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute for Information &amp; communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT)","award":["R0190-15-2054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R0190-15-2054"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multimodal biometrics are promising for providing a strong security level for personal authentication, yet the implementation of a multimodal biometric system for practical usage need to meet such criteria that multimodal biometric signals should be easy to acquire but not easily compromised. We developed a wearable wrist band integrated with multispectral skin photomatrix (MSP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors to improve the issues of collectability, performance and circumvention of multimodal biometric authentication. The band was designed to ensure collectability by sensing both MSP and ECG easily and to achieve high authentication performance with low computation, efficient memory usage, and relatively fast response. Acquisition of MSP and ECG using contact-based sensors could also prevent remote access to personal data. Personal authentication with multimodal biometrics using the integrated wearable wrist band was evaluated in 150 subjects and resulted in 0.2% equal error rate (   EER   ) and 100% detection probability at 1%    FAR    (false acceptance rate) (    PD . 1    ), which is comparable to other state-of-the-art multimodal biometrics. An additional investigation with a separate MSP sensor, which enhanced contact with the skin, along with ECG reached 0.1%    EER    and 100%     PD . 1    , showing a great potential of our in-house wearable band for practical applications. The results of this study demonstrate that our newly developed wearable wrist band may provide a reliable and easy-to-use multimodal biometric solution for personal authentication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T11:23:06Z","timestamp":1534764186000},"page":"2738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Wearable Wrist Band-Type System for Multimodal Biometrics Integrated with Multispectral Skin Photomatrix and Electrocardiogram Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hanvit","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8739-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haena","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Care System Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam 13509, Korea"}]},{"given":"Se Young","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hwan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Factors Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Oakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Factors Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"given":"Youryang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Factors Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jun Oh","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of H3 System, Daejeon 34036, Korea"}]},{"given":"Min Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of H3 System, Daejeon 34036, Korea"}]},{"given":"In Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of H3 System, Daejeon 34036, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hyuck Ki","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Care System Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam 13509, Korea"}]},{"given":"Young Chang","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Care System Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam 13509, Korea"}]},{"given":"Sung-Phil","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Factors Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1145\/328236.328110","article-title":"Biometric identification","volume":"43","author":"Jain","year":"2000","journal-title":"Commun. 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