{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T01:58:13Z","timestamp":1771466293707,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>LED-based Visible Light Communication (VLC) has been proposed as the IEEE 802.15.7 standard and is regarded as a new wireless access medium in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) environment. With this trend, many works have already been made to improve the performance of VLC. However, the effectively integration of VLC services into IoT networks has not yet been sufficiently studied. In this paper, we propose a scheme for device management and data transport in IoT networks using VLC. Specifically, we discuss how to manage VLC transmitters and receivers, and to support VLC data transmission in IoT networks. The proposed scheme considers uni-directional VLC transmissions from transmitter to receivers for delivery of location-based VLC data. The backward transmission from VLC receivers will be made by using platform server and aggregation agents in the network. For validation and performance analysis, we implemented the proposed scheme with VLC-capable LED lights and open sources of oneM2M. From the experimental results for virtual museum services, we see that the VLC data packets can be exchanged within 590 ms, and the handover between VLC transmitters can be completed within 210 ms in the testbed network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T11:23:06Z","timestamp":1534764186000},"page":"2741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Device Management and Data Transport in IoT Networks Based on Visible Light Communication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5121-440X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheol-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3429-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seok-Joo","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). Bluetooth Core Specification v5.0. Available online: https:\/\/www.bluetooth.com\/specifications\/bluetooth-core-specification."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). ZigBee Specification. Available online: http:\/\/www.zigbee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/docs-05-3474-20-0csg-zigbee-specification.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and Bormann, C. (2014). The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). IETF RFC 7252.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc7252"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). MQTT Specifications Version 3.1.1. Available online: http:\/\/docs.oasis-open.org\/mqtt\/mqtt\/v3.1.1\/os\/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). MQTT for Sensor Networks (MQTT-SN) Protocol Specification Version 1.2. Available online: http:\/\/mqtt.org\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/MQTT-SN_spec_v1.2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF). Available online: https:\/\/openconnectivity.org."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). IoTivity. Available online: https:\/\/iotivity.org."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). oneM2M. Available online: http:\/\/www.onem2m.org."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2011). IEEE 802.15.7-2011, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks\u2014Part 15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication Using Visible Light, IEEE."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2010). ISO\/IEC 18000-3:2010, Information Technology\u2014Radio Frequency Identification for Item Management\u2014Part 3: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 13.56 MHz, ISO."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2004.1277847","article-title":"Fundamental analysis for visible-light communication system using LED lights","volume":"1","author":"Komine","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6163585","article-title":"IEEE 802.15.7 visible light communication: Modulation schemes and dimming support","volume":"50","author":"Rajagopal","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6685754","article-title":"Visible light communication: Opportunities, challenges and the path to market","volume":"51","author":"Jovicic","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2013.6685758","article-title":"High-speed visible light communication systems","volume":"51","author":"Grobe","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2018, August 13). IEEE 802.15.7r1 Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) Standardization. Available online: http:\/\/vlca.net\/site\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/2015_10_26_YeongMinJangICEVLC2015CC.pdf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600872CM","article-title":"IEEE 802.15.7r1 Reference Channel Models for Visible Light Communications","volume":"55","author":"Uysal","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(2018, August 13). IEEE 802.15 WPAN 15.7: Amendment Study Group. Available online: http:\/\/www.ieee802.org\/15\/pub\/IEEE%20802_15%20WPAN%2015_7%20Revision1%20Task%20Group.htm."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4574","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2681110","article-title":"Current Status and Performance Analysis of Optical Camera Communication Technologies for 5G Networks","volume":"5","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushalnagar, N., Montenegro, G., and Schumacher, C. (2007). IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs): Overview, Assumptions, Problem Statement, and Goals, IETF. IETF RFC 4919.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4919"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montenegro, G., Kushalnagar, N., Hui, J., and Culler, D. (2007). Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks, IETF. IETF RFC 4944.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4944"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hui, J., and Thubert, P. (2011). Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks, IETF. IETF RFC 6282.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc6282"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieminen, J., Savolainen, T., Isomaki, M., Patil, B., Shelby, Z., and Gomez, C. (2015). IPv6 over BLUETOOTH(R) Low Energy, IETF. IETF RFC 7668.","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC7668"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Hong, Y.G., Choi, Y.H., Youn, J.S., Kim, D.K., and Choi, J.H. (2018). Transmission of IPv6 Packets over Near Field Communication, IETF. IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-6lo-nfc-10."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, A., and Dijk, E. (2014). Group Communication for the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), IETF. IETF RFC 7390.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc7390"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bormann, C., and Shelby, Z. (2016). Block-Wise Transfers in the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), IETF. IETF RFC 7959.","DOI":"10.17487\/RFC7959"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Raymor, B., Silverajan, B., Bormann, C., Hartke, K., Tschofenig, H., and Lemay, S. (2018). CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) over TCP, TLS, and WebSockets, IETF. IETF RFC 8323."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Koster, M., Keranen, A., and Jimenez, J. (2018). Publish-Subscribe Broker for the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), IETF. IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-core-coap-pubsub."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Bormann, C., Betzler, A., Gomez, C., and Demirkol, I. (2018). CoAP Simple Congestion Control\/Advanced, IETF. IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-core-cocoa."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2011). IEEE 802.11-2016, IEEE Standard for Information Technology\u2014Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks\u2014Specific Requirements\u2014Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, IEEE."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). OCEAN Alliance. Available online: http:\/\/www.iotocean.org."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). Mobius Server. Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/IoTKETI\/Mobius."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). nCube-Rosemary. Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/IoTKETI\/nCube-Rosemary."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"(2018, July 22). nCube-Thyme. Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/IoTKETI\/nCube-Thyme-Nodejs."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/8\/2741\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:19:51Z","timestamp":1760195991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/8\/2741"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s18082741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18082741","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]]}}}