{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:29:35Z","timestamp":1781562575122,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]],"date-time":"2018-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015R1D1A1A01059186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015R1D1A1A01059186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A2B6002399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A2B6002399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of the Internet is growing in this day and age, so another area has developed to use the Internet, called Internet of Things (IoT). It facilitates the machines and objects to communicate, compute and coordinate with each other. It is an enabler for the intelligence affixed to several essential features of the modern world, such as homes, hospitals, buildings, transports and cities. The security and privacy are some of the critical issues related to the wide application of IoT. Therefore, these issues prevent the wide adoption of the IoT. In this paper, we are presenting an overview about different layered architectures of IoT and attacks regarding security from the perspective of layers. In addition, a review of mechanisms that provide solutions to these issues is presented with their limitations. Furthermore, we have suggested a new secure layered architecture of IoT to overcome these issues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]],"date-time":"2018-08-24T11:13:45Z","timestamp":1535109225000},"page":"2796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":406,"title":["IoT Elements, Layered Architectures and Security Issues: A Comprehensive Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Burhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Chiniot-Fasialabad Campus, Chiniot 35400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3263-4211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana Asif","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Chiniot-Fasialabad Campus, Chiniot 35400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Chiniot-Fasialabad Campus, Chiniot 35400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9824-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung-Seo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Software and Communications Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong City 30016, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2017, December 14). 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