{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T07:43:50Z","timestamp":1768290230380,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Nos. 51574201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 51574201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Scientific and Technical Youth Innovation Group (Southwest Petroleum University)","award":["2015CXTD05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CXTD05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The paper presents an intelligent real-time slope surface deformation monitoring system based on binocular stereo-vision. To adapt the system to field slope monitoring, a design scheme of concentric marking point is proposed. Techniques including Zernike moment edge extraction, the least squares method, and k-means clustering are used to design a sub-pixel precision localization method for marker images. This study is mostly focused on the tracking accuracy of objects in multi-frame images obtained from a binocular camera. For this purpose, the Upsampled Cross Correlation (UCC) sub-pixel template matching technique is employed to improve the spatial-temporal contextual (STC) target-tracking algorithm. As a result, the tracking accuracy is improved to the sub-pixel level while keeping the STC tracking algorithm at high speed. The performance of the proposed vision monitoring system has been well verified through laboratory tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T10:57:52Z","timestamp":1535713072000},"page":"2890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Non-Contact Measurement of the Surface Displacement of a Slope Based on a Smart Binocular Vision System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Leping","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}]},{"given":"Qijun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}]},{"given":"Songsheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}]},{"given":"Qijie","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09057-3_8","article-title":"Monitoring of the Shallow Landslide Using UAV Photogrammetry and Geodetic Measurements","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Marek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Engineering Geology for Society and Territory"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2015.05.020","article-title":"Monitoring landslide displacements with the Geocube wireless network of low-cost GPS","volume":"195","author":"Benoit","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eng. 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