{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:02:50Z","timestamp":1760241770594,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microwave imaging is the technique to identify hidden objects from structures using electromagnetic waves that can be applied in medical diagnosis. The change of dielectric property can be detected using microwave antenna sensor, which can lead to localization of abnormality in the human body. This paper presents a stacked type modified Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) as microwave imaging sensor. Design and performance analysis of the sensor antenna along with computational and experimental analysis to identify concealed object has been investigated in this study. The dimension of the modified PIFA radiating patch is 40 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 10 mm3. The reflector walls used, are 45 mm in length and 0.2-mm-thick inexpensive copper sheet is considered for the simulation and fabrication which addresses the problems of high expenses in conventional patch antenna. The proposed antenna sensor operates at 1.55\u20131.68 GHz where the maximum realized gain is 4.5 dB with consistent unidirectional radiation characteristics. The proposed sensor antenna is used to identify tumor in a computational human tissue phantom based on reflection and transmission coefficient. Finally, an experiment has been performed to verify the antenna\u2019s potentiality of detecting abnormality in realistic breast phantom.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T02:55:07Z","timestamp":1536202507000},"page":"2949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Microwave Imaging Sensor Using Low Profile Modified Stacked Type Planar Inverted F Antenna"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Tariqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Spacecraft Environment Interaction Engineering (LaSEINE), Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Amanath","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8856-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Touhidul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mandeep Jit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Advanced Electronic and Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengu","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Spacecraft Environment Interaction Engineering (LaSEINE), Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2016.10.011","article-title":"A snapshot of patients\u2019 awareness of radiation dose and risks associated with medical imaging examinations at an Australian radiology clinic","volume":"23","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0260","article-title":"Radiation Risk from Medical Imaging","volume":"85","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. 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