{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:01:58Z","timestamp":1760241718409,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61425007, 61605129, and 61675137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61425007, 61605129, and 61675137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Guangdong Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015B010105007, 2015A030313541 and 2014A030308007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015B010105007, 2015A030313541 and 2014A030308007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M633115, 2017M612720 and 2016M600669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M633115, 2017M612720 and 2016M600669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen","award":["JCYJ20170302152718747, JCYJ20160427104925452, JCYJ20170412105604705 and JCYJ20160307143716576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20170302152718747, JCYJ20160427104925452, JCYJ20170412105604705 and JCYJ20160307143716576"]}]},{"name":"Research Funding from Shenzhen University","award":["2016030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016030"]}]},{"name":"Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality Foundation","award":["no number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose a novel tilted long period fiber grating (TLPFG) design, inscribed using a line-by-line inscription technique and an infrared femtosecond (Fs) laser. The responses of this TLPFG to external refractive index, temperature, torsion, and strain were systematically investigated to determine its sensing characteristics. The external refractive index (RI) was measured to be \u2212602.86 nm\/RIU at an RI of ~1.432. The TLPFG was used to accurately measure temperatures up to 450 \u00b0C with a sensitivity of 103.8 pm\/\u00b0C. The torsion and strain sensitivity of the device were 48.94 nm\/(rad\/mm) and \u22120.63 pm\/\u00b5\u03b5, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed TLPFG could be used as sensors in a series of application fields including high temperatures and external environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18093003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T11:47:41Z","timestamp":1536320861000},"page":"3003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Sensing Characteristics of Tilted Long Period Fiber Gratings Inscribed by Infrared Femtosecond Laser"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Microwave and Optical Wave-applied Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}]},{"given":"Cailing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0915-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}]},{"given":"Changrui","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Fu, C., Bai, Z., Li, Z., Liao, C., Wang, Y., He, J., Liu, Y., and Wang, Y. 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