{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T14:53:18Z","timestamp":1775227998784,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]],"date-time":"2018-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61425001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61425001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61210003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61210003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61604059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61604059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016CFA005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016CFA005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project of China","award":["2013YQ030923"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013YQ030923"]}]},{"name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project of Hubei Province","award":["2013BEC050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013BEC050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the most challenging areas of sensor development for nuclear medicine is the design of proton therapy monitoring systems. Sensors are operated in a high detection rate regime in beam-on conditions. We realized a prototype of a monitoring system for proton therapy based on the technique of positron emission tomography. We used the Plug and Imaging (P&amp;I) technology in this application. This sensing system includes LYSO\/silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) detection elements, fast digital multi voltage threshold (MVT) readout electronics and dedicated image reconstruction algorithms. In this paper, we show that the P&amp;I sensor system has a uniform response and is controllable in the experimental conditions of the proton therapy room. The prototype of PET monitoring device based on the P&amp;I sensor system has an intrinsic experimental spatial resolution of approximately 3 mm (FWHM), obtained operating the prototype both during the beam irradiation and right after it. The count-rate performance of the P&amp;I sensor approaches 5 Mcps and allows the collection of relevant statistics for the nuclide analysis. The measurement of both the half life and the relative abundance of the positron emitters generated in the target volume through irradiation of     10 10     protons in approximately 15 s is performed with 0.5% and     5 %     accuracy, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18093006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T10:26:36Z","timestamp":1536747996000},"page":"3006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["New Digital Plug and Imaging Sensor for a Proton Therapy Monitoring System Based on Positron Emission Tomography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"D\u2019Ascenzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of life science and technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED IRCCS, Pozzilli 86077, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of life science and technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Antonecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of life science and technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED IRCCS, Pozzilli 86077, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gnudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED IRCCS, Pozzilli 86077, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Wiesbaden 65203, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsien-Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou (CGMH at Linkou), Taoyuan 33302, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-4863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang-Hsin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1601-6555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Hong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou (CGMH at Linkou), Taoyuan 33302, China"},{"name":"Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\/Chang Gung University (CGMH\/CGU), Taoyuan 33302, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ing-Tsung","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Chen","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging Center and Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\/Chang Gung University (CGMH\/CGU), Taoyuan 33302, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daoming","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raycan Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215163, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RaySolution Digital Medical Imaging Co., Ltd., Ezhou 436044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5353-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingguo","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of life science and technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, NEUROMED IRCCS, Pozzilli 86077, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"11N","article-title":"2017 SNMM: Highlights Lecture: General Nuclear Medicine","volume":"58","author":"Colletti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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