{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:03:03Z","timestamp":1760241783994,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology (Tongji University) Funds","award":["MG20180302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MG20180302"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["22120180003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22120180003"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Sailing Program","award":["18YF1424100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18YF1424100"]}]},{"name":"the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China","award":["2012AA09A407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012AA09A407"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Seafloor observatories enable real-time, continuous and long-term observations that promise major breakthroughs in ocean sciences. The effort to dynamically control in situ sensor systems performing individual and cooperative observation tasks is both a challenge and a guarantee for the stable operations of functional observatories. However, current sensor control systems for seafloor observatories are application-oriented and focus on specific engineering requirements rather than general model research. In this paper, a sensor control model was proposed to provide a theoretical specification for designing, developing and deploying a sensor control system for cabled seafloor observatories. The model abstracted the sensor control as a standardized bidirectional information flow process and accordingly structured the control system into the application layer, the service layer, the networking layer, and the sensing layer. The layered functions and interactions between adjacent layers in return realized this information process. A prototype control system was designed and developed, the monitoring architecture of which was derived from one of the deployment scenarios of the sensor control model. The prototype system was tested for its plug-and-play enablement through a series of trials such as tank tests and shallow sea trials. It was put into service for the operational Xiaoqushan Seafloor Observatory and was consistently functioning and presenting satisfactory practical performance in accordance with all the requirements laid for the project.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18093027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T10:28:57Z","timestamp":1536575337000},"page":"3027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Sensor Control Model for Cabled Seafloor Observatories in the East China Sea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"644","article-title":"Current Development in Marine Science and Technology: A Retrospect","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Seafloor observatories-the third observation platform for earth system","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. J. Nat."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"515","article-title":"Seafloor Observatory Science: A Review","volume":"49","author":"Favali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Geophys."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Ocean Studies Board (2000). Illuminating the Hidden Planet-The Future of Seafloor Observatory Science, National Academies Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2000.50","article-title":"Long-term Real-time Coastal Ocean Observation Networks","volume":"13","author":"Glenn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Oceanography"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"39","article-title":"Mars: The monterey accelerated research system","volume":"47","author":"Massion","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sea Technol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2002.1002476","article-title":"HUGO: The Hawaii undersea geo-observatory","volume":"27","author":"Duennebier","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE J. Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4031\/MTSJ.44.6.21","article-title":"The ocean observatories initiative: Sustained ocean observing across a range of spatial scales","volume":"44","author":"Cowles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar. Technol. Soc. J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2013.09.010","article-title":"Underwater geophysical monitoring for european multidisciplinary seafloor and water column observatories","volume":"130","author":"Monna","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2010.04.139","article-title":"NEMO-SN1 observatory developments in view of the European research infrastructures EMSO and KM3NET","volume":"626","author":"Favali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.4294\/jpe1952.43.619","article-title":"GeO-TOC project-reuse of submarine cables for seismic and geoelectrical measurements","volume":"43","author":"Kasahara","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Phys. Earth"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s11001-013-9197-1","article-title":"New compact ocean bottom cabled seismometer system deployed in the Japan Sea","volume":"35","author":"Shinohara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mar. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"521","article-title":"NEPTUNE Canada: Science, operation, and management","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-011-4620-y","article-title":"Coastal seafloor observatory at Xiaoqushan in the East China Sea","volume":"56","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"991","article-title":"Test China node on monterey accelerated research system (MARS)","volume":"26","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2015.9","article-title":"A Study on a Cabled Seafloor Observatory","volume":"1","author":"Qu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chave, A.D., Arrott, M., Farcas, C., Farcas, E., Krueger, I., Meisinger, M., Orcutt, J.A., Vernon, F.L., Peach, C., and Schofield, O. (2009, January 11\u201314). Cyberinfrastructure for the US ocean observatories initiative-enabling interactive observation in the ocean. Proceedings of the OCEANS Conference, Bremen, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/OCEANSE.2009.5278134"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2012.2212751","article-title":"Challenges, benefits, and opportunities in installing and operating cabled ocean observatories perspectives from NEPTUNE Canada","volume":"38","author":"Barnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2013.2273277","article-title":"Standards-based plug & work for instruments in ocean observing systems","volume":"39","author":"Rio","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE J. Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2012.2224536","article-title":"NEMO-SN1 abyssal cabled observatory in the Western Ionian Sea","volume":"38","author":"Favali","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2008.12.242","article-title":"Standardization prospective in ESONET NoE and a possible implementation on the ANTARES Site","volume":"602","author":"Puillat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrom. Detect. Assoc. Equip."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17926","DOI":"10.3390\/s150817926","article-title":"Development of a plug-and-play monitoring system for cabled observatories in the East China Sea","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1175\/JTECH-D-11-00115.1","article-title":"A study of the remote control for the East China Sea Seafloor Observation System","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2015.05.009","article-title":"Design and implementation of a data distribution system for Xiaoqushan submarine comprehensive observation and marine equipment test platform","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Geosci."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"018","article-title":"Design and implementation of information acquisition and monitoring system of deep seafloor observatory network","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. J. Sens. Actutaors"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"94","article-title":"Design on control system for ocean observatories","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transduct. Microsyst."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"83","article-title":"Research on Monitor Information System in Seafloor Observatory Network","volume":"28","author":"Xue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Light Ind. Mach."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"ISO (2013). ISO\/IEC 29182-1:2013, Information Technology-Sensor Networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA)-Part 1, ISO."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"ISO (2014). ISO\/IEC 29182-3:2014, Information Technology-Sensor Networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA)-Part 3, ISO."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1mano-Robles, R., Nordstr\u00f6m, T., Santonja, S., Rom, W., and Tovar, E. (2016, January 19\u201321). The DEWI high-level architecture: Wireless sensor networks in industrial applications. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM), Porto, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDIM.2016.7829797"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2012.07.012","article-title":"An overview of the internet of underwater things","volume":"35","author":"Domingo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-011-4624-7","article-title":"Records of the tsunami induced by the 2010 Chilean earthquake from Xiaoqushan seafloor observatory in the East China Sea","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2017.04.045","article-title":"Robust mixed H\u221e\/passive vibration control of offshore steel jacket platforms with structured uncertainty","volume":"139","author":"Kazemy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-017-3503-4","article-title":"Recent advances in vibration control of offshore platforms","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"755","article-title":"Sliding mode control with mixed current and delayed states for offshore steel jacket platforms","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/9\/3027\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:19:44Z","timestamp":1760195984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/9\/3027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s18093027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18093027","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]}}}