{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:29:49Z","timestamp":1772252989165,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluates the effect of paravertebral spinal injection (PSI), utilizing both subjective and objective assessments in chronic low back pain (LBP) associated with facet joint arthrosis over a one-month duration. Subjective questionnaires included the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the Oswestry Disability Index, the Health Survey SF-12, and the short Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). Objective assessments included in-clinic gait and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests using wearable sensors, as well as 48 h daily physical activity (DPA) monitored using a chest-worn triaxial accelerometer. Subjective and objective measures were performed prior to treatment, immediately after the treatment, and one month after the treatment. Eight LBP patients were recruited for this study (mean age = 54 \u00b1 13 years, body mass index = 31.41 \u00b1 6.52 kg\/m2, 50% males). Results show significant decrease in pain (~55%, p &lt; 0.05) and disability (Oswestry scores, ~21%, p &lt; 0.05). In-clinic gait and TUG were also significantly improved (~16% and ~18% faster walking and shorter TUG, p &lt; 0.05); however, DPA, including the percentage of physical activities (walking and standing) and the number of steps, showed no significant change after PSI (p &gt; 0.25; effect size \u2264 0.44). We hypothesize that DPA may continue to be truncated to an extent by conditioned fear-avoidance, a psychological state that may prevent increase in daily physical activity to avoid pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18093048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T10:26:36Z","timestamp":1536747996000},"page":"3048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Effect of Pain Relief on Daily Physical Activity: In-Home Objective Physical Activity Assessment in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients after Paravertebral Spinal Block"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5034-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu","family":"Chuan Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"},{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Mohler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, General Internal Medicine and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dohm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"}]},{"given":"Kaveh","family":"Laksari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0320-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bijan","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Toosizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"},{"name":"Division of Geriatrics, General Internal Medicine and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suri, P., Miyakoshi, A., Hunter, D.J., Jarvik, J.G., Rainville, J., Guermazi, A., Li, L., and Katz, J.N. 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