{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T22:12:07Z","timestamp":1780438327417,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 2017M613370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2017M613370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To cope with the complex electromagnetic environment and varied signal styles, a novel method based on the energy cumulant of short time Fourier transform and reinforced deep belief network is proposed to gain a higher correct recognition rate for radar emitter intra-pulse signals at a low signal-to-noise ratio. The energy cumulant of short time Fourier transform is attained by calculating the accumulations of each frequency sample value with the different time samples. Before this procedure, the time frequency distribution via short time Fourier transform is processed by base noise reduction. The reinforced deep belief network is proposed to employ the input feature vectors for training to achieve the radar emitter recognition and classification. Simulation results manifest that the proposed method is feasible and robust in radar emitter recognition even at a low SNR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18093103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T10:57:59Z","timestamp":1536922679000},"page":"3103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Radar Emitter Recognition Based on the Energy Cumulant of Short Time Fourier Transform and Reinforced Deep Belief Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3210-478X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuebao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaoming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Police Command College, Tianjin 300250, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialun","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-f-1.1985.0054","article-title":"Signal sorting in ESM system","volume":"132","author":"Whittall","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEE Proc. 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