{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:52:22Z","timestamp":1778860342006,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61705050, 61535004, 61675052, 61735009, 61765004, 61640409, 61377058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61705050, 61535004, 61675052, 61735009, 61765004, 61640409, 61377058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A high sensitivity and easily fabricated liquid level sensor based on the V-groove structure plastic optical fiber (POF) was described. In the design, the V-groove structure on the POF is produced by using a die-press-print method, which effectively reduces the complexity of the fabrication process and makes it easier for mass production of liquid level sensors. This greatly enhances the usefulness of the proposed sensor in cost effective liquid level sensing applications. The transmission characteristic of the POF could be changed when the V-groove structure was immerged or emerged by the rising or falling liquid. The liquid level sensing performances for the sensor probes with different structural parameters were investigated, and the sensor performances for the liquids with different refractive indices and the sensor dynamic response were also tested. Experimental results show that the sensor\u2019s sensitivity can reach 0.0698 mm\u22121, with a resolution of 2.5 mm. Results also show that the sensor has a fast response time of 920 ms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18093111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,17]],"date-time":"2018-09-17T10:42:20Z","timestamp":1537180940000},"page":"3111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Liquid Level Sensor Based on a V-Groove Structure Plastic Optical Fiber"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Chuanxin","family":"Teng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Centre, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Houquan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Centre, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongchang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Centre, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Centre, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7452-9658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Centre, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronghui","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Centre, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1517-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Centre, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Photonics Research Centre, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4113","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2278074","article-title":"Fiber Optic Bending Sensor for Water Level Monitoring: Development and Field Test: A Review","volume":"13","author":"Rosolem","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. 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