{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:16:36Z","timestamp":1775196996998,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51477129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51477129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The detection of high frequency overvoltage and partial discharge is of great significance in evaluating the insulation condition of high-voltage power equipment. A wideband GHz electric field (E-field) sensor for electromagnetic pulse (EMP) signal measurement was proposed in this paper. An optical fiber transmission link was adopted in the design in order to implement high-voltage isolation and reduce electromagnetic interference during transmission. The designed sensor was mainly made up of a differential electric field (D-dot) antenna, transmitter, and receiver. The D-dot antenna was designed to detect high frequency E-field strength and generate a corresponding voltage signal, which was converted into an optical signal by the transmitter. The optical signal could be transmitted a large distance through an optical fiber without electromagnetic interference and changed back to a voltage signal again by a receiver. The design process of the sensor was introduced in detail, and experiments were performed using a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell and an EMP simulator to verify it. The results indicated that the designed sensor had a good performance besides an expectable delay due to the optional amplifier.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18093167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T10:50:31Z","timestamp":1537354231000},"page":"3167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Design of Wideband GHz Electric Field Sensor Integrated with Optical Fiber Transmission Link for Electromagnetic Pulse Signal Measurement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6312-6482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guogang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6952-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenfan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9222-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6155-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingcun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengxiang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2013.2292567","article-title":"Integrated Optical E-Field Sensor for Intense Nanosecond Electromagnetic Pulse Measurement","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. 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