{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:25:45Z","timestamp":1773937545441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2016YFB0402204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFB0402204"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61335013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61335013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014CB3399802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014CB3399802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2010CB327801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2010CB327801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We demonstrate a high-resolution temperature sensor based on optical heterodyne spectroscopy technology by virtue of the narrow linewidth characteristic of a single-frequency fiber laser. When the single-frequency ring fiber laser has a Lorentzian-linewidth &lt;1 kHz and the temperature sensor operates in the range of 3\u221285 \u00b0C, an average sensitivity of 14.74 pm\/\u00b0C is obtained by an optical spectrum analyzer. Furthermore, a resolution as high as ~5 \u00d7 10\u22123 \u00b0C is demonstrated through optical heterodyne spectroscopy technology by an electrical spectrum analyzer in the range of 18.26\u201318.71 \u00b0C with the figure of merit up to 3.1 \u00d7 105 in the experiment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T02:54:54Z","timestamp":1538103294000},"page":"3245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["High-Resolution Temperature Sensor Based on Single-Frequency Ring Fiber Laser via Optical Heterodyne Spectroscopy Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5789-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangcheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9746-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communication Device, College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Xianchao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]},{"given":"Jianquan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2011.2163705","article-title":"Selectively infiltrated photonic crystal fiber with ultrahigh temperature sensitivity","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. 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