{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T14:31:07Z","timestamp":1779287467717,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11774381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11774381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A Love wave-based sensing chip incorporating a supramolecular cryptophane A (CrypA) thin film was proposed for methane gas sensing in this work. The waveguide effect in the structure of SiO2\/36\u00b0 YX LiTaO3 will confine the acoustic wave energy in SiO2 thin-film, which contributes well to improvement of the mass loading sensitivity. The CrypA synthesized from vanillyl alcohol by a double trimerisation method was dropped onto the wave propagation path of the sensing device, and the adsorption to methane gas molecules by supramolecular interactions in CrypA modulates the acoustic wave propagation, and the corresponding frequency shifts were connected as the sensing signal. A theoretical analysis was performed to extract the coupling of modes for sensing devices simulation. Also, the temperature self-compensation of the Love wave devices was also achieved by using reverse polarity of the temperature coefficient in each media in the waveguide structure. The developed CrypA coated Love wave sensing device was connected into the differential oscillation loop, and the corresponding gas sensitive characterization was investigated. High sensitivity, fast response, and excellent temperature stability were successfully achieved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T02:54:54Z","timestamp":1538103294000},"page":"3247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Enhanced Sensitivity of a Love Wave-Based Methane Gas Sensor Incorporating a Cryptophane-A Thin Film"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shitang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0494-6915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Yangfang, Changping District, Beijing 102205, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caihong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.06.075","article-title":"ZnO\/ST-Quartz SAW resonator: An efficient NO2 sensor","volume":"252","author":"Rana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcu, A., and Viespe, C. (2017). Surface acoustic wave sensors for Hydrogen and Deuterium detection. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061417"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1166\/asl.2014.5470","article-title":"Nano-crystalline SnO2 thin film based surface acoustic wave sensor for selective and fast detection of NO2 gas","volume":"20","author":"Raj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.12.101","article-title":"Nitric oxide sensing properties of a surface acoustic wave sensor with copper-ion-doped polyaniline\/tungsten oxide nanocomposite film","volume":"243","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.03.024","article-title":"Surface acoustic wave based H2S gas sensors incorporating sensitive layers of single wall carbon nanotubes decorated with Cu nanoparticles","volume":"198","author":"Asad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2007.02.037","article-title":"Enhanced Sensitivity of SAW Gas Sensor Coated Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Incorporating High Frequency Stability Oscillator","volume":"125","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sens. Actuator B"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50045a024","article-title":"Surface Acoustic Wave Probe for Chemical Analysis: part I\u2014Instruction and Instrument Description, part II\u2014Gas Chromatography Detector","volume":"51","author":"Wohltijon","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(96)80095-5","article-title":"Behaviour of cryptophane molecules in gas media","volume":"33","author":"Souteyrand","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.199311691","article-title":"Complexation of methane and chlorofluorocarbons by cryptophane-A in organic solution","volume":"32","author":"Garel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Hu, H.L., He, S.T., Pan, Y., Zhang, C.H., and Dong, C. (2016). Development of a room temperature SAW methane gas sensor incorporating a supramolecular cryptophane a coating. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16010073"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1039\/c39880000582","article-title":"Two step synthesis of D3 and C3h cryptophanes","volume":"9","author":"Caniceill","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.06.012","article-title":"A room temperature supramolecular quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) methane gas sensor","volume":"141","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2011.11.071","article-title":"Highly sensitive supra-molecular thin films for gravimetric detection of methane","volume":"161","author":"Khoshaman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2015.10.069","article-title":"Graphere oxide sensitive layer in Love-wave surface acoustic wave sensors for the detection of chemical warfare agent stimulants","volume":"146","author":"Sayago","year":"2016","journal-title":"Talants"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dejous, C., Hallil, H., and Raimbault, V. (2016). Love acoustic wave-based devices and molecularly imprinted polymers as versatile sensors for electronic nose or tongue for cancer monitoring. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16060915"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2004.828387","article-title":"Detection of GB and DMMP Vapors by Love Wave Acoustic Sensors Using Strong Acidic Fluoride Polymers","volume":"4","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065019","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/24\/6\/065019","article-title":"Temperature-compensated Love wave based gas sensor on waveguide structure of SiO2\/36\u00b0 LiTaO3","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7337","DOI":"10.3390\/s120607337","article-title":"Temperature Effects on the Propagation Characteristics of Love Waves along Multi-Guide Layers of SiO2\/Su-8 on ST-90\u00b0X. Quartz","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.3390\/s110201526","article-title":"Advances in SXFA-Coated SAW Chemical Sensors for Organophosphorous Compound Detection","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/10\/3247\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:22:45Z","timestamp":1760196165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/10\/3247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s18103247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18103247","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]]}}}