{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:04:25Z","timestamp":1760241865273,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]],"date-time":"2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017580","name":"Beijing Intelligent Logistics System Collaborative Innovation Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BILSCIC-2018KF-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BILSCIC-2018KF-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017580","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61671051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4162049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4162049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z181100003218010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z181100003218010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper studies a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-aware fog computing by using a simple model, where a sensor harvests energy and receives information from a hybrid access point (HAP) through power splitting (PS) receiver architecture. Two information processing modes, local computing and fog offloading modes are investigated. For such a system, two optimization problems are formulated to minimize the sensor\u2019s required power for the two modes under the information rate and energy harvesting constraints by jointly optimizing the time assignment and the transmit power, as well as the PS ratio. The closed-form and semi-closed-form solutions to the proposed optimization problems are derived based on convex optimization theory. Simulation results show that neither mode is always superior to the other one. It also shows that when the number of logic operations per bit associated with local computing is less than a certain value, the local computing mode is a better choice; otherwise, the fog offloading mode should be selected. In addition, the mode selection associated with the positions of the user for fixed HAP and fog server (FS) is also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T08:23:50Z","timestamp":1538468630000},"page":"3291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["SWIPT-Aware Fog Information Processing: Local Computing vs. Fog Offloading"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Haina","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0658-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingyi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information, Beijing Wuzi University, Beijing 101149, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangdui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Lab of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, N.S., Ghani, S., and Haider, S. 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