{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:50:29Z","timestamp":1762005029116,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61701197","61571108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61701197","61571108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Open Research Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University","award":["2018D15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018D15"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JUSRP11742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JUSRP11742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multi-platooning is an important management strategy for autonomous driving technology. The backbone vehicles in a multi-platoon adopt the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) mechanism to transmit vehicles\u2019 kinematics information through inter-platoon communications, and then forward the information to the member vehicles through intra-platoon communications. In this case, each vehicle in a multi-platoon can acquire the kinematics information of other vehicles. The parameters of DCF, the hidden terminal problem and the number of neighbors may incur a long and unbalanced one-hop delay of inter-platoon communications, which would further prolong end-to-end delay of inter-platoon communications. In this case, some vehicles within a multi-platoon cannot acquire the emergency changes of other vehicles\u2019 kinematics within a limited time duration and take prompt action accordingly to keep a multi-platoon formation. Unlike other related works, this paper proposes a swarming approach to optimize the one-hop delay of inter-platoon communications in a multi-platoon scenario. Specifically, the minimum contention window size of each backbone vehicle is adjusted to enable the one-hop delay of each backbone vehicle to get close to the minimum average one-hop delay. The simulation results indicate that, the one-hop delay of the proposed approach is reduced by 12% as compared to the DCF mechanism with the IEEE standard contention window size. Moreover, the end-to-end delay, one-hop throughput, end-to-end throughput and transmission probability have been significantly improved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T11:30:02Z","timestamp":1538479802000},"page":"3307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A Swarming Approach to Optimize the One-Hop Delay in Smart Driving Inter-Platoon Communications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4899-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Shuzhen","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0658-6079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingyi","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}]},{"given":"Hanxu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4940-7453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Networking Lab., Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA"}]},{"given":"Zhengquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Computational Intelligence, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"},{"name":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Gertner, J. 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