{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T20:22:53Z","timestamp":1782159773111,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes a new design and an optimization framework for a four-band antenna to be used in wireless sensor networks. The antenna is designed to operate effectively in two open frequency bands (ISM\u2014Industrial, Scientific, Medical), 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz, as well as in two bands allocated for the fifth-generation (5G) cellular networks, 0.7 GHz and 3.5 GHz. Our initial design was developed using the trial and error approach, modifying a circular disc monopole antenna widely used in ultra wideband (UWB) systems. This initial design covered the three upper bands, but impedance matching within the 700 MHz band was unsatisfactory. The antenna performance was then improved significantly using an optimization algorithm that applies a bi-objective fully-Paretian approach to its nine-parameter geometry. The optimization criteria were impedance matching and radiation efficiency. The final design exhibits good impedance matching in all four desired bands with the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) value below 2 and radiation efficiency of 88%. The simulated antenna performance was verified experimentally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T11:30:02Z","timestamp":1538479802000},"page":"3309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Many-Objective Automated Optimization of a Four-Band Antenna for Multiband Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6693-1009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Januszkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Di Barba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0341-878X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Jopek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3891-4214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Hausman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4728","DOI":"10.3390\/s90604728","article-title":"A Review of Wireless Sensor Technologies and Applications in Agriculture and Food Industry: State of the Art and Current Trends","volume":"9","author":"Lunadei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16932","DOI":"10.3390\/s140916932","article-title":"Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks in Marine Environment Monitoring: A Survey","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16384","DOI":"10.3390\/s131216384","article-title":"Wireless Sensor Networks for Ambient Assisted Living","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.3390\/s120100806","article-title":"Reliability and Availability Evaluation of Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Applications","volume":"12","author":"Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4875","DOI":"10.3390\/s110504875","article-title":"A Survey of System Architecture Requirements for Health Care-Based Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"11","author":"Egbogah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aponte-Luis, J., G\u00f3mez-Gal\u00e1n, J.A., G\u00f3mez-Bravo, F., S\u00e1nchez-Raya, M., Alcina-Espigado, J., and Teixido-Rovira, P.M. 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