{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:39:04Z","timestamp":1767706744734,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]],"date-time":"2018-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.61502410, No.61572418, No.61602399, No.61702439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.61502410, No.61572418, No.61602399, No.61702439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","award":["No.1704287, No.1252292, No.1741277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.1704287, No.1252292, No.1741277"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.ZR2014FQ026, No.ZR2016FM42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.ZR2014FQ026, No.ZR2016FM42"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015642","name":"Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.J15LN09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.J15LN09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015642","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to avoid malicious competition and select high quality crowd workers to improve the utility of crowdsourcing system, this paper proposes an incentive mechanism based on the combination of reverse auction and multi-attribute auction in mobile crowdsourcing. The proposed online incentive mechanism includes two algorithms. One is the crowd worker selection algorithm based on multi-attribute reverse auction that adopts dynamic threshold to make an online decision for whether accept a crowd worker according to its attributes. Another is the payment determination algorithm which determines payment for a crowd worker based on its reputation and quality of sensing data, that is, a crowd worker can get payment equal to the bidding price before performing task only if his reputation reaches good reputation threshold, otherwise he will get payment based on his data sensing quality. We prove that our proposed online incentive mechanism has the properties of computational efficiency, individual rationality, budget-balance, truthfulness and honesty. Through simulations, the efficiency of our proposed online incentive mechanism is verified which can improve the efficiency, adaptability and trust degree of the mobile crowdsourcing system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T03:43:01Z","timestamp":1539574981000},"page":"3453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["An Incentive Mechanism in Mobile Crowdsourcing Based on Multi-Attribute Reverse Auctions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}]},{"given":"Yingshu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"},{"name":"School of Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 20202, USA"}]},{"given":"Xiangrong","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer and Control Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Li, J., Cai, Z., Yan, M., and Li, Y. (2016, January 10\u201314). Using Crowdsourced Data in Location-based Social Networks to Explore Influence Maximization. Proceedings of the 35th Annual IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM 2016), San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700349","article-title":"Deep Learning Based Inference of Private Information Using Embedded Sensors in Smart Devices","volume":"32","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, Y.H., Chen, W.N., Gu, T., Zhang, H., Yuan, H.Q., Kwong, S., and Zhang, J. (2018). Distributed Cooperative Co-Evolution with Adaptive Computing Resource Allocation for Large Scale Optimization. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2018.2817889"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Cai, Z., and Zheng, X. (2018). A Private and Efficient Mechanism for Data Uploading in Smart Cyber-Physical Systems. IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1701245","article-title":"Data Linkage in Smart IoT Systems: A Consideration from Privacy Perspective","volume":"56","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"577","article-title":"Collective Data-Sanitization for Preventing Sensitive Information Inference Attacks in Social Networks","volume":"15","author":"Cai","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2017.2697439","article-title":"AntMapper: An Ant Colony-Based Map Matching Approach for Trajectory-Based Applications","volume":"19","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, Z., Li, W., and Cai, Z. (2017, January 5\u20138). Distributed Auctions for Task Assignment and Scheduling in Mobile Crowdsensing Systems. Proceedings of the 37th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2017), Atlanta, GA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2017.121"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2013.2297112","article-title":"Free Market of Crowdsourcing: Incentive Mechanism Design for Mobile Sensing","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, D., Xue, G., Fang, X., and Tang, J. (2012, January 22\u201326). Crowdsourcing to smartphones: Incentive mechanism design for mobile phone sensing. Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Istanbul, Turkey.","DOI":"10.1145\/2348543.2348567"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., and Schaar, M.V.D. (2012, January 25\u201330). Reputation-based incentive protocols in crowdsourcing applications. Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2012.6195597"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2006.872882","article-title":"Free-riding and whitewashing in peer-to-peer systems","volume":"24","author":"Feldman","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2015.2441031","article-title":"Keep Your Promise: Mechanism Design Against Free-Riding and False-Reporting in Crowdsourcing","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2016.06.019","article-title":"Balancing Quality and Budget Considerations in Mobile Crowdsourcing","volume":"90","author":"Miao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Lee, J.S., and Hoh, B. (April, January 29). Sell your experiences: A market mechanism based incentive for participatory sensing. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, Mannheim, Germany."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, D., Wu, F., and Chen, G. (2015, January 22\u201325). Pay as How Well You Do: A Quality Based Incentive Mechanism for Crowdsensing. Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1145\/2746285.2746306"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2015.2421897","article-title":"Incentive Mechanisms for Crowdsensing: Crowdsourcing with Smartphones","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2014.2379281","article-title":"Budget-Feasible Online Incentive Mechanisms for Crowdsourcing Tasks Truthfully","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"103","article-title":"Frugal Online Incentive Mechanisms for Crowdsourcing Tasks Truthfully","volume":"37","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2600634","article-title":"A Fair Incentive Mechanism for Crowdsourcing in Crowd Sensing","volume":"3","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/17445760.2012.686170","article-title":"Monetary incentives in participatory sensing using multi-attributive auctions","volume":"27","author":"Krontiris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Parallel Emerg. Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"226","article-title":"Coupons as Monetary Incentives in Participatory Sensing","volume":"399","author":"Albers","year":"2017","journal-title":"IFIP Adv. Inf. Commun. Technol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2856057","article-title":"Incentive Mechanism Design for Crowdsourcing: An All-Pay Auction Approach","volume":"7","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2015.2485978","article-title":"Incentive Mechanism Design for Heterogeneous Crowdsourcing Using All-Pay Contests","volume":"15","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2016.03.016","article-title":"An incentive mechanism with privacy protection in mobile crowdsourcing systems","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.02.008","article-title":"Truthful incentive mechanism with location privacy-preserving for mobile crowdsourcing systems","volume":"135","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, H., Su, L., Chen, D., Nahrstedt, K., and Xu, J. (2015, January 22\u201325). Quality of Information Aware Incentive Mechanisms for Mobile Crowd Sensing Systems. Proceedings of the ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1145\/2746285.2746310"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, H., Su, L., and Nahrstedt, K. (2017, January 1\u20134). Centurion: Incentivizing Multi-Requester Mobile Crowd Sensing. Proceedings of the INFOCOM, Atlanta, GA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCOM.2017.8057111"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2015.11.010","article-title":"A truthful double auction for two-sided heterogeneous mobile crowdsensing markets","volume":"81","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, D., Fang, X., and Xue, G. (2013, January 14\u201319). Truthful incentive mechanisms for k-anonymity location privacy. Proceedings of the INFOCOM, Turin, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2013.6567111"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Gao, L., Hou, F., and Huang, J. (May, January 26). Providing long-term participation incentive in participatory sensing. Proceedings of the Computer Communications, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, Z., Yan, M., Cai, Z., Wang, X., Han, M., and Li, Y. (2016). Truthful Incentive Mechanisms for Social Cost Minimization in Mobile Crowdsourcing Systems. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16040481"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0011-6","article-title":"Mitigating Herding in Hierarchical Crowdsourcing Networks","volume":"6","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12757-x","article-title":"Algorithmic Management for Improving Collective Productivity in Crowdsourcing","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"347","article-title":"Towards Fast Niching Evolutionary Algorithms: A Locality Sensitive Hashing-Based Approach","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"363","article-title":"A Maximal Clique Based Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm for Overlapping Community Detection","volume":"21","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2017.2743016","article-title":"A Level-based Learning Swarm Optimizer for Large Scale Optimization","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7223","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2654355","article-title":"Movement-Based Incentive for Crowdsourcing","volume":"66","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2018.2797225","article-title":"Truthful Incentive Mechanisms for Geographical Position Conflicting Mobile Crowdsensing Systems","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2016.2597826","article-title":"Cloudde: A heterogeneous differential evolution algorithm and its distributed cloud version","volume":"28","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2016.7897544","article-title":"RTRC: A Reputation-Based Incentive Game Model for Trustworthy Crowdsourcing Service","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"283","article-title":"Crowdsourcing Fraud Detection Algorithm Based on Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve","volume":"8","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Secur. Appl."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2738018","article-title":"Latent-data Privacy Preserving with Customized Data Utility for Social Network Data","volume":"67","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1145\/3078853","article-title":"A real-time framework for task assignment in hyperlocal spatial crowdsourcing","volume":"9","author":"Tran","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/10\/3453\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:25:33Z","timestamp":1760196333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/10\/3453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s18103453"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18103453","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,14]]}}}