{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T21:52:43Z","timestamp":1775253163150,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Software defined networks brings greater flexibility to networks and therefore generates new vitality. Thanks to the ability to update soft code to sensor nodes, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) brings profound changes to Internet of Things. However, it is a challenging issue to minimize delay and transmission times and maintain long lifetime when broadcasting data packets in high loss ratio and low duty cycle WSNs. Although there have been some research concerning code dissemination, those schemes can only achieve a tradeoff between different performances, instead of optimizing all these important performances at the same time. Therefore, in this paper we propose a new strategy that can reduce delay and transmission times simultaneously. In traditional method, the broadcasting nature of wireless communication is not sufficiently utilized. By allowing sons of the same parent node to share awake slots, the broadcasting nature is well exploited and delay is thus reduced as well as transmission times with lifetime not affected. And, as we discover there is energy surplus when collecting data in area away from sink, we further improve this strategy so that all the performances can be further bettered. Compared with traditional method, the methods we design (IFAS, BTAS and AAPS) can respectively reduce delay by 20.56%, 31.59%, 55.16% and reduce transmission times by 29.53%, 43.93%, 42.04%, while not reducing lifetime.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T10:55:41Z","timestamp":1539860141000},"page":"3516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Minimizing Delay and Transmission Times with Long Lifetime in Code Dissemination Scheme for High Loss Ratio and Low Duty Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Informatics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China"}]},{"given":"Xuxun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5190-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0394-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neal N","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, OK 74464, USA"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Networks Engineering, School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Briones, A., Chamoso, P., De La Prieta, F., Demazeau, Y., and Corchado, J.M. (2018). Agreement Technologies for Energy Optimization at Home. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051633"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4568","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2816590","article-title":"Offloading in Internet of Vehicles: A Fog-enabled Real-time Traffic Management System","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9027","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2853120","article-title":"Optimization of Particle CBMeMBer Filters for Hardware Implementation","volume":"67","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38900","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2853134","article-title":"Orchestrating Data as Services based Computing and Communication Model for Information-Centric Internet of Things","volume":"6","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2637059","article-title":"Source estimation using coprime array: A sparse reconstruction perspective","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, Y., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Xiong, N., Liu, A., and Liu, X. (2018). An Effective Crowdsourcing Data Reporting Scheme to Compose Cloud-based Services in Mobile Robotic Systems. IEEE Access.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2868250"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-014-0732-z","article-title":"Approximation algorithms for broadcasting in duty cycled wireless sensor networks","volume":"20","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700728","article-title":"Emotion-aware cognitive system in multi-channel cognitive radio ad hoc networks","volume":"56","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, W., Ning, Z., Hu, X., Guo, L., Deng, X., Yang, Y., and Kwok, R.Y. (2018). On-Chip Hardware Accelerator for Automated Diagnosis Through Human-Machine Interactions in Healthcare Delivery. IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng., 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2018.2832454"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2016.09.018","article-title":"Analysis of event-driven warning message propagation in vehicular ad hoc networks","volume":"55","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2015.10.002","article-title":"Level-based approach for minimum-transmission broadcast in duty-cycled wireless sensor networks","volume":"27","author":"Duc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pervasive Mobile Comput."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2679578","article-title":"R-TTWD: Robust device-free through-the-wall detection of moving human with WiFi","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxx014","article-title":"Large-scale Programing Code Dissemination for Software Defined Wireless Networks","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2836150","article-title":"Defending On-Off Attacks using Light Probing Messages in Smart Sensors for Industrial Communication Systems","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, S., Liu, X., Liu, A., Xiong, N., Cai, Z., and Wang, T. (2018). Adaption Broadcast Radius based Code Dissemination Scheme for Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18051509"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2704610","article-title":"A robust and efficient algorithm for coprime array adaptive beamforming","volume":"67","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21482","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2825250","article-title":"Construction of Large-scale Low Cost Deliver Infrastructure using Vehicular Networks","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5101","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2799546","article-title":"A Survey on Mobile Data Offloading Technologies","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T., Tian, S., Liu, A., Liu, H., and Pei, T. (2018). DDSV: Optimizing Delay and Delivery Ratio for Multimedia Big Data Collection in Mobile Sensing Vehicles. IEEE Internet Things J.","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2847243"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju, X., Liu, W., Zhang, C., Liu, A., Wang, T., Xiong, N., and Cai, Z. (2018). An Energy Conserving and Transmission Radius Adaptive Scheme to Optimize Performance of Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092885"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29700","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2843762","article-title":"Adaptive Beaconing based MAC Protocol for Sensor based Wearable System","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2786343","article-title":"Energy-latency Trade-off for Energy-aware Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Networks","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Tsuda, T., Watanabe, H., Ryuo, S., and Iwasawa, N. (2018). Data driven cyber-physical system for landslide detection. Mobile Netw. Appl., 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-018-1031-1"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25588","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2831247","article-title":"A Time-ordered Aggregation Model-based Centrality Metric for Mobile Social Networks","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T., Xiong, N., Gao, J., Song, H., Liu, A., and Zeng, Z. (2018). Reliable Code Disseminations through Opportunistic Communication in Vehicular Wireless Networks. IEEE Access.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2870928"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2017.10.001","article-title":"Distributed hole-bypassing protocol in WSNs with constant stretch and load balancing","volume":"129","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700281","article-title":"Wireless Networks Optimization via Physical Layer Information for Smart Cities","volume":"32","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, T., Zhang, G., Liu, A., Bhuiyan, M.Z.A., and Jin, Q. (2018). A Secure IoT Service Architecture with an Efficient Balance Dynamics Based on Cloud and Edge Computing. IEEE Internet Things J.","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2870288"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Ning, Z., Zhou, M.C., Hu, X., Wang, L., Hu, B., Kwok, R.Y.K., and Guo, Y. (2018). A Privacy-Preserving Message Forwarding Framework for Opportunistic Cloud of Things. IEEE Internet Things J.","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2864782"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ning, Z., Huang, J., and Wang, X. (2018). Vehicular fog computing: Enabling real-time traffic management for smart cities. IEEE Wirel. Commun.","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1700441"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15787","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2815039","article-title":"A Services Routing based Caching Scheme for Cloud Assisted CRNs","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Song, H., Liu, A., and Liu, X. (2018). A Trust and Priority based Code Updated Approach to Guarantee Security for Vehicles Network. IEEE Access.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2872787"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q., and Liu, A. (2017). On the hybrid using of unicast-broadcast in wireless sensor networks. Comput. Electr. Eng.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.03.004"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Liu, A., Xie, M., Xiong, N., Zeng, Z., and Cai, Z. (2018). Adaptive Aggregation Routing to Reduce Delay for Multi-Layer Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041216"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2804018","article-title":"Achievable Rate Maximization for Cognitive Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Networks with AF-Relays","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. Spec. Issue Adv. Satell. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2017.2739727","article-title":"Node deployment based on extra path creation for wireless sensor networks on mountain roads","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2017.1600321","article-title":"Exploiting massive D2D collaboration for energy-efficient mobile edge computing","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"419","article-title":"Feature Selection Method Based on Class Discriminative Degree for Intelligent Medical Diagnosis","volume":"55","author":"Fang","year":"2018","journal-title":"CMC: Comput. Mater. Contin."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2018.2852754","article-title":"Noise Tolerant Localization for Sensor Networks","volume":"26","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, M., Liu, A., Zhao, M., and Wang, T. (2018). Multi Working Sets Alternate Covering Scheme for Continuous Partial Coverage in WSNs. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl., 1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-018-0647-z"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, A., and Zhao, S. (2018, May 23). High performance target tracking scheme with low prediction precision requirement in WSNs. Available online: http:\/\/www.inderscience.com\/info\/ingeneral\/forthcoming.php?jcode=ijahuc.","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAHUC.2018.096081"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"6425067","article-title":"Direction-of-arrival estimation for coprime array via virtual array interpolation","volume":"2018","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3887","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2624118","article-title":"D2D fogging: An energy-efficient and incentive-aware task offloading framework via networks-assisted D2D collaboration","volume":"34","author":"Pu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcss.2016.09.008","article-title":"Trace malicious source to guarantee cyber security for mass monitor critical infrastructure","volume":"98","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comput. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, B., Liu, A., Zhang, C., Xiong, N., Zeng, Z., and Cai, Z. (2018). Caching Joint Shortcut Routing to Improve Quality of Experiments of Users for Information-Centric Networksing. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061750"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.06.012","article-title":"MSDG: A Novel Green Data Gathering Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"142","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galzarano, S., Savaglio, C., Liotta, A., and Fortino, G. (2013, January 13\u201316). Gossiping-based aodv for wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), Manchester, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2013.12"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Liu, W., Xie, M., Liu, A., Zhao, M., Xiong, N., Zhao, M., and Dai, W. (2018). Differentiated Data Aggregation Routing Scheme for Energy Conserving and Delay Sensitive Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072349"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.3390\/s17051092","article-title":"A Formal Approach to the Selection by Minimum Error and Pattern Method for Sensor Data Loss Reduction in Unstable Wireless Sensor Networks Communications","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-014-2164-6","article-title":"Analysis and Improvement of Send-and-Wait Automatic Repeat-reQuest protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks","volume":"81","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2018.01.012","article-title":"Towards minimum-delay and energy-efficient flooding in low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks","volume":"134","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42886","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2858274","article-title":"Privacy-Preserving Protocol of Sink Node Location in Telemedicine Networks","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ning, Z., Kong, X., Xia, F., Hou, W., and Wang, X. (2018). Green and Sustainable Cloud of Things: Enabling Collaborative Edge Computing. IEEE Commun. Mag.","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700895"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2018.06.012","article-title":"Minimum-Cost Mobile Crowdsourcing with QoS Guarantee Using Matrix Completion Technique","volume":"49","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pervasive Mobile Comput."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14318","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2796247","article-title":"Multi-hop Relay-Aided Underlay D2D Communications for Improving Cellular Coverage Quality","volume":"6","author":"Gui","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-016-0916-x","article-title":"A laguerre neural networks-based ADP learning scheme with its application to tracking control in the Internet of Things","volume":"20","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers. Ubiquitous Comput."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molina, B., Palau, C.E., Fortino, G., Guerrieri, A., and Savaglio, C. (2014, January 5\u20138). Empowering smart cities through interoperable Sensor Network Enablers. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2014.6973876"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savaglio, C., and Fortino, G. (2015, January 2\u20134). Autonomic and cognitive architectures for the Internet of Things. Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet and Distributed Computing Systems, Windsor, UK.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-23237-9_5"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-365X(90)90358-O","article-title":"Unit disk graphs","volume":"86","author":"Clark","year":"1990","journal-title":"Discret. Math."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009201","article-title":"Approximation algorithms for connected dominating sets","volume":"20","author":"Guha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Algorithmica"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-3664(00)00233-4","article-title":"Flooding in wireless ad hoc networks","volume":"24","author":"Lim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.2669","article-title":"BOD-LEACH: Broadcasting over duty-cycled radio using LEACH clustering for delay\/power efficient dissimilation in wireless sensor networks","volume":"28","author":"Khiati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Syst."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2018.2838340","article-title":"Quick Answer for Big Data in Sharing Economy: Innovative Computer Architecture Design Facilitating Optimal Service-Demand Matching","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Queen-bee algorithm for energy efficient clusters in wireless sensor networks","volume":"73","author":"Pooranian","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-016-1785-9","article-title":"P-SEP: A prolong stable election routing algorithm for energy-limited heterogeneous fog-supported wireless sensor networks","volume":"73","author":"Naranjo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/10\/3516\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T20:38:10Z","timestamp":1775248690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/10\/3516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s18103516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18103516","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]}}}