{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T12:57:22Z","timestamp":1762001842501,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004083","name":"Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IITP-2018-2011-1-00783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2018-2011-1-00783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010418","name":"Institute for Information and communications Technology Promotion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI15C1817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI15C1817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the major threats to humanity, accounting for one-third of the world\u2019s deaths. For patients with high-risk CVD, plaque rupture can lead to critical condition. It is therefore important to determine the stability of the plaque and classify the patient\u2019s risk level. Lipid content is an important determinant of plaque stability. However, conventional intravascular imaging methods have limitations in finding lipids. Therefore, new intravascular imaging techniques for plaque risk assessment are urgently needed. In this study, a novel photothermal strain imaging (pTSI) was applied to an intravascular imaging system for detecting lipids in plaques. As a combination of thermal strain imaging and laser-induced heating, pTSI differentiates lipids from other tissues based on changes in ultrasound (US) velocity with temperature change. We designed an optical pathway to an intravascular ultrasound catheter to deliver 1210-nm laser and US simultaneously. To establish the feasibility of the intravascular pTSI system, we experimented with a tissue-mimicking phantom made of fat and gelatin. Due to the difference in the strain during laser heating, we can clearly distinguish fat and gelatin in the phantom. The result demonstrates that pTSI could be used with conventional intravascular imaging methods to detect the plaque lipid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T10:40:48Z","timestamp":1540377648000},"page":"3609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Intravascular Photothermal Strain Imaging for Lipid Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Changhoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea"}]},{"given":"Joongho","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea"}]},{"given":"Chulhong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update A Report from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.4.733","article-title":"Circadian variation and triggers of onset of acute cardiovascular disease","volume":"79","author":"Muller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000087480.94275.97","article-title":"From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient\u2014A call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I","volume":"108","author":"Naghavi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00308-3","article-title":"Mechanisms of plaque rupture: Mechanical and biologic interactions","volume":"41","author":"Arroyo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. 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