{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:29:25Z","timestamp":1764174565059,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11804067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11804067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A spiral sound wave transducer comprised of longitudinal vibrating elements has been proposed. This transducer was made from eight uniform radial distributed longitudinal vibrating elements, which could effectively generate low frequency underwater acoustic spiral waves. We discuss the production theory of spiral sound waves, which could be synthesized by two orthogonal acoustic dipoles with a phase difference of 90 degrees. The excitation voltage distribution of the transducer for emitting a spiral sound wave and the measurement method for the transducer is given. Three-dimensional finite element modeling (FEM)of the transducer was established for simulating the vibration modes and the acoustic characteristics of the transducers. Further, we fabricated a spiral sound wave transducer based on our design and simulations. It was found that the resonance frequency of the transducer was 10.8 kHz and that the transmitting voltage resonance was 140.5 dB. The underwater sound field measurements demonstrate that our designed transducer based on the longitudinal elements could successfully generate spiral sound waves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T11:10:41Z","timestamp":1540811441000},"page":"3674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Spiral Sound Wave Transducer Based on the Longitudinal Vibration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University of China, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University of China, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University of China, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University of China, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Rongzhen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University of China, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Qicheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University of China, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Shichang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University of China, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"given":"Tianfang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University of China, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China"},{"name":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University of China, Harbin 150001, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uttam, B.J., Amos, D.H., Covino, J.M., and Morris, P. 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Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18072102"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/11\/3674\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:26:47Z","timestamp":1760196407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/11\/3674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s18113674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18113674","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]]}}}