{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T05:39:57Z","timestamp":1774417197860,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]],"date-time":"2018-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Collective Detection (CD) technique is a promising approach to meet the requirements for signal acquisition in GNSS-harsh environments. The CD approach has been proposed because of its potential to operate as both a direct positioning method and a high-sensitivity acquisition method. This paper is dedicated to the development of a new CD architecture for processing satellite signals in challenging environments. It proposes the best signal acquisition method used according to the reception conditions of the different receivers that can assist the user in difficulty. Knowing that the CD approach is beneficial in the case where the maximum of satellite signals can be combined, the proposed approach consists in choosing the best receiver(s) from several connected receivers to serve as a reference station, as smart cooperative navigation concept. New metrics of the CD with optimal weighting of visible satellites are exploited. Analysis of optimization method in order to use better satellites according to some defined parameters (elevation,     C \/  N 0     , and GDOP) were carried out. Real GPS L1 C\/A signals are exploited to analyze the efficiency of the proposed approach. A comparison of the results through the accumulation of some good satellites among all visible satellites have shown the effectiveness of this method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T03:50:56Z","timestamp":1540957856000},"page":"3690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["New Approach of High Sensitivity Techniques Using Collective Detection Method with Multiple GNSS Receivers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Maherizo","family":"Andrianarison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LASSENA Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 1K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Landry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LASSENA Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, \u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 1K3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2011.943410","article-title":"Challenges in Indoor Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Unveiling its Core features in Signal Processing","volume":"29","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Mag."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"DiEsposti, R. (2007). GPS SV Code Signal Processing and Receiver Design for Simultaneous All-In-View Coherent Signal Acquisition and Navigation Solution Determination, ION NTM."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-4296.2011.tb02588.x","article-title":"Collective detection and direct positioning using multiple GNSS satellites","volume":"58","author":"Axelrad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Inst. Navig."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Cheong, J. (2012). Signal Processing and Collective Detection for Locata Positioning System. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of New South Wales]."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Andrianarison, M., Sahmoudi, M., and Landry, R. (2015, January 14\u201318). Cooperative Detection of Multiple GNSS Satellite Signals in GNSS-Challenged Environments. Proceedings of the 28th ITM of ION, ION GNSS+ 2015, Tampa, FL, USA."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Omar, A.B., Sahmoudi, M., Esteves, P., Ries, L., Andrianarison, M., and Landry, R. (2014). A New Method of Collective Acquisition of Multiple GNSS Satellite Signals in Challenging Environments, ESA\/ESTECL. the NAVITEC\u20192014."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Esteves, P., Sahmoudi, M., and Ries, L. (Inside GNSS Magazine, 2014). Collective Detection of Multi-GNSS Signals: Vector-Acquisition Promises Sensitivity and Reliability Improvement, Inside GNSS Magazine."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrianarison, M., Sahmoudi, M., and Landry, R. (2016, January 4\u20137). Innovative Techniques for Collective Detection of Multiple GNSS Signals in Challenging Environments. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/IPIN.2016.7743636"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463313000635","article-title":"Improvement to Multi-resolution Collective Detection in GNSS Receivers","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Navig."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"84","article-title":"Efficient and Innovative Techniques for Collective Acquisition of Weak GNSS Signals","volume":"5","author":"Andrianarison","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Comput. Commun. Spec. Issue Navig."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Esteves, P. (2013, January 16\u201320). An Innovative and Efficient Frequency Estimation Method for GNSS Signals Acquisition. 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