{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:51:03Z","timestamp":1762005063686,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China, Taiwan","award":["MOST 107-2637-E-027-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2637-E-027-006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>FlexRay is a next-generation in-vehicle communication protocol which works in real time with flexibility. The most common applications in FlexRay are high bandwidth. X-by-wire applications, such as brake by wire and throttle by wire. However, there is no mechanism which can prevent transient faults in the application layer of FlexRay. If a transient fault occurs during driving, this would be very dangerous; therefore, we propose a fast reliability scheduling algorithm (FRSA) to improve the communication reliability of FlexRay. The proposed method reduces the probability of transient faults in one clock cycle by using a retransmission mechanism to recover the transient errors, and further improves computational complexity using the lookup table method to ensure system reliability. In this paper, we analyze a related literature to establish the system reliability constraints needed to evaluate the necessary time and slot usage, and the proposed cost function is used to evaluate the performance and efficiency when the number of messages is increased. Experimental results show that the proposed FRSA reduces execution time by an average 70.76% and cost by an average 13.33% more than the other existing methods. This method can be useful to others, especially regarding research about periodic time-triggered communication systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T10:43:45Z","timestamp":1541414625000},"page":"3783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Reliability Scheduling Algorithm for the Static Segment of FlexRay on Vehicle Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Trong-Yen","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I-An","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun-Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju-Tse","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2017, April 24). FlexRay Communications System\u2014Protocol Specification\u2014Version 2.1 Revision A. Available online: https:\/\/www.softwareresearch.net\/fileadmin\/src\/docs\/teaching\/SS08\/PS_VS\/FlexRayCommunicationSystem.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2014.2320605","article-title":"Intra-Vehicle Networks: A Review","volume":"16","author":"Tuohy","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"X-By-Wire Team (1998). X-By-Wire: Safety Related Fault Tolerant Systems in Vehicles, X-by-Wire Consortium. Technical Report No. BE 95\/1329."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1109\/LES.2013.2243698","article-title":"Reconfigurable Computing in Next-Generation Automotive Networks","volume":"5","author":"Shreejith","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Embedded Syst. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"453","article-title":"Extensible FlexRay Communication Controller for FPGA-Based Automotive Systems","volume":"64","author":"Shanker","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Kanekawa, N., Ibe, E.H., Suga, T., and Uematsu, Y. (2010). Dependability in Electronic Systems: Mitigation of Hardware Failures, Soft Errors, and Electro-Magnetic Disturbances, Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Li, W., Natale, M.D., Zheng, W., Giusto, P., Alberto, S.V., and Seshia, S.A. (2009, January 20\u201324). Optimizations of an Application-Level Protocol for Enhanced Dependability in FlexRay. Proceedings of the IEEE Design, Automation & Test in Europe, Nice, France."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Tanasa, B., Bordoloi, U.D., Eles, P., and Peng, Z. (December, January 30). Scheduling for fault-tolerant communication on the static segment of FlexRay. 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Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design, Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCID.2016.2111"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, B., Bai, W.W., and Zhen, G.C. (2017, January 26\u201328). A Prompt Retransmission Method for In-Vehicle Network FlexRay. Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Chinese Control Conference, Dalian, China.","DOI":"10.23919\/ChiCC.2017.8028596"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, T.Y., Wang, J.J., Lin, I.A., and Tsai, J.T. (2018, January 7\u20139). Fast Reliability Scheduling Algorithm for the Static Segment of FlexRay for Vehicle Network. Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on Next Generation Electronics, Taipei, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISNE.2018.8394689"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3390\/s18010188","article-title":"Error Recovery in the Time-Triggered Paradigm with FTT-CAN","volume":"18","author":"Luis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Ferreira, J., Oliveira, A., Fonseca, P., and Fonseca, J.A. (2004, January 29). An Experiment to Assess Bit Error Rate in CAN. Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Real-Time Networks, Catania, Italy."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/11\/3783\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:28:07Z","timestamp":1760196487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/11\/3783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["s18113783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18113783","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]]}}}