{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:05:46Z","timestamp":1760241946120,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M621281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M621281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HITCE201710"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HITCE201710"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1709207","51678250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1709207","51678250"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Concrete compressive strength is an important parameter of material properties for assessing seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, which has a certain level of uncertainty due to its inherent variability. In this paper, the method of concrete strength validation of finite element model using smart aggregate (SA)-based stress monitoring is proposed. The FE model was established using Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSEES) platform. The concrete strengths obtained from the material test, peak stress of SA, and estimated concrete strength based on SA stress were employed in FE models. The lateral displacement monitored by Liner variable differential transformer and vertical axial load monitored by load cell in the experiment are applied in the model. By comparing the global response (i.e., lateral reaction force and hysteretic loop), local response (i.e., concrete stress, rebar strain, and cross-section moment) and corresponding root-mean-square error obtained from experiment and numerical analysis, the capabilities of validation of FE model using SA-based stress monitoring method were demonstrated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18114062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T09:18:25Z","timestamp":1542878305000},"page":"4062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validation of Finite Element Model by Smart Aggregate-Based Stress Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Haibin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil &amp; Transportation Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinping","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"ACI Committee (2011). 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