{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T19:51:49Z","timestamp":1767901909743,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2-0348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2-0348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L2-7541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2-7541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J2-8194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J2-8194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is a need for fast and reliable quality and authenticity control tools of pharmaceutical ingredients. Among others, hormone containing drugs and foods are subject to scrutiny. In this study, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and THz imaging are applied for the first time to analyze melatonin and its pharmaceutical product Circadin. Melatonin is a hormone found naturally in the human body, which is responsible for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. In the THz frequency region between 1.5 THz and 4.5 THz, characteristic melatonin spectral features at 3.21 THz, and a weaker one at 4.20 THz, are observed allowing for a quantitative analysis within the final products. Spectroscopic THz imaging of different concentrations of Circadin and melatonin as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in prepared pellets is also performed, which permits spatial recognition of these different substances. These results indicate that THz spectroscopy and imaging can be an indispensable tool, complementing Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, in order to provide quality control of dietary supplements and other pharmaceutical products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T12:20:28Z","timestamp":1542975628000},"page":"4098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Spectroscopic Analysis of Melatonin in the Terahertz Frequency Range"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3268-9474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uro\u0161","family":"Puc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia"},{"name":"Institute of Computational Physics, School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Technikumstrasse 9, Winterthur 8401, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Andreja","family":"Abina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Jegli\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7287-0158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Zidan\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Irmantas","family":"Ka\u0161alynas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Department, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius 01108, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Rimvydas","family":"Venckevi\u010dius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Department, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius 01108, Lithuania"},{"name":"Danske Bank, Saltoni\u0161ki\u0173 g. 2, Vilnius 08500, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Gintaras","family":"Valu\u0161is","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optoelectronics Department, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius 01108, Lithuania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.11.011","article-title":"Advances in the analysis of steroid hormone drugs in pharmaceuticals and environmental samples (2004\u20132010)","volume":"55","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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