{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T10:18:22Z","timestamp":1768731502651,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61771143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61771143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81627804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81627804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plane wave compounding (PWC) is an effective modality for ultrafast ultrasound imaging. It can provide higher resolution and better noise reduction than plane wave imaging (PWI). In this paper, a novel beamformer integrating the two-dimensional (2-D) minimum variance (MV) with the generalized coherence factor (GCF) is proposed to maintain the high resolution and contrast along with a high frame rate for PWC. To specify, MV beamforming is adopted in both the transmitting aperture and the receiving one. The subarray technique is therefore upgraded into the sub-matrix division. Then, the output of each submatrix is used to adaptively compute the GCF using a 2-D fast Fourier transform (FFT). After the 2-D MV beamforming and the 2-D GCF weighting, the final output can be obtained. Results of simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo studies confirm the advantages of the proposed method. Compared with the delay-and-sum (DAS) beamformer, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is 90% smaller and the contrast ratio (CR) improvement is 154% in simulations. The over-suppression of desired signals, which is a typical drawback of the coherence factor (CF), can be effectively avoided. The robustness against sound velocity errors is also enhanced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T03:41:31Z","timestamp":1542944491000},"page":"4099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["2-D Minimum Variance Based Plane Wave Compounding with Generalized Coherence Factor in Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2591-8339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanxing","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) of Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) of Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) of Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/22\/4\/001","article-title":"Ultrasonics in medicine and biology","volume":"22","author":"Wells","year":"1977","journal-title":"Phys. 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