{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:04:35Z","timestamp":1775567075580,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESPY-1281\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESPY-1281\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESPY-112\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESPY-112\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to compare the properties of free-walking at a natural pace between mild Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) patients during the ON-clinical status and two control groups. In-shoe pressure-sensitive insoles were used to quantify the temporal and force characteristics of a 5-min free-walking in 11 PD patients, in 16 young healthy controls, and in 12 age-matched healthy controls. Inferential statistics analyses were performed on the kinematic and kinetic parameters to compare groups\u2019 performances, whereas feature selection analyses and automatic classification were used to identify the signature of parkinsonian gait and to assess the performance of group classification, respectively. Compared to healthy subjects, the PD patients\u2019 gait pattern presented significant differences in kinematic parameters associated with bilateral coordination but not in kinetics. Specifically, patients showed an increased variability in double support time, greater gait asymmetry and phase deviation, and also poorer phase coordination. Feature selection analyses based on the ReliefF algorithm on the differential parameters in PD patients revealed an effect of the clinical status, especially true in double support time variability and gait asymmetry. Automatic classification of PD patients, young and senior subjects confirmed that kinematic predictors produced a slightly better classification performance than kinetic predictors. Overall, classification accuracy of groups with a linear discriminant model which included the whole set of features (i.e., demographics and parameters extracted from the sensors) was 64.1%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T06:02:09Z","timestamp":1543816929000},"page":"4224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Kinematic and Kinetic Patterns Related to Free-Walking in Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3053-7920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, CIMA University of Navarra, Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Villagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, CIMA University of Navarra, Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Castellote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ergonomics and Human Factors Unit, National School of Occupational Medicine, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda A.","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, CIMA University of Navarra, Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00873512","article-title":"Hypokinesia of associated movement in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A symptom in early stages of the disease","volume":"241","author":"Hoshiyama","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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