{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T05:10:17Z","timestamp":1772860217164,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea CCS R&amp;D Center","award":["KCRC-2014M1A8A1049287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KCRC-2014M1A8A1049287"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) profiles obtained during well completion of a CO2 monitoring well were analyzed to characterize each well completion process in terms of temperature anomalies. Before analysis, we corrected the depth by redistributing the discrepancy, and then explored three temperature calibration methods. Consequently, we confirmed the depth discrepancy could be well corrected with conventional error redistribution techniques. Among three temperature calibration methods, the conventional method shows the best results. However, pointwise methods using heat coil or in-well divers also showed reliable accuracy, which allows them to be alternatives when the conventional method is not affordable. The DTS data revealed that each well completion processes can be characterized by their own distinctive temperature anomaly patterns. During gravel packing, the sand progression was monitorable with clear step-like temperature change due to the thermal bridge effect of sand. The DTS data during the cementing operation, also, clearly showed the progression up of the cement slurry and the exothermic reaction associated with curing of cement. During gas lift operations, we could observe the effect of casing transition as well as typical highly oscillating thermal response to gas lifting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T06:02:09Z","timestamp":1543816929000},"page":"4239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Distributed Temperature Sensing Monitoring of Well Completion Processes in a CO2 Geological Storage Demonstration Site"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dasom Sharon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Petroleum &amp; Marine Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Energy System Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwon Gyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petroleum &amp; Marine Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3811-9798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petroleum &amp; Marine Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0288-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Petroleum &amp; Marine Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(95)00124-7","article-title":"Fiber optic temperature sensing: application for subsurface and ground temperature measurements","volume":"257","author":"Hurtig","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Schlumberger (2018, November 07). The Essentials of Fiber optic Distributed temperature Analysis. Sugar land: Schlumberger Educational services. Available online: https:\/\/www.slb.com\/resources\/publications\/books \/fiber_optic_distributed_temperature_analysis_book.aspx."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Smolen, J., and van der Spek, A. (2003). Distributed Temperature Sensing\u2014A DTS Primer for Oil & Gas Production, Shell International Exploration and Production, Shell. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"B10203","article-title":"The U-Tube: A novel system for acquiring borehole fluid samples from a deep geologic CO2 sequestration experiment","volume":"110","author":"Freifeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L14309","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL034762","article-title":"Ground Surface temperature reconstruction: Using in situ estimates for thermal conductivity acquired with a fiber-optic distributed thermal perturbation sensor","volume":"35","author":"Freifeld","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10859","DOI":"10.3390\/s111110859","article-title":"Calibrating Single-Ended Fiber optic Raman Spectra Distributed Temperature Sensing Data","volume":"11","author":"Hausner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, G.A., Pinzon, I.D., Davies, J.E., and Mammadkhan, F. (2007, January 11\u201314). Monitoring Production from Gravel-Packed Sand-Screen Completions on BP\u2019s Azeri Field Wells Using Permanently Installed Distributed Temperature Sensors. Proceedings of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Anaheim, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.2523\/110064-MS"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"896","article-title":"On the Use of Distributed Temperature Sensing and Distributed Acoustic Sensing for the Application of Gas Lift Surveillance","volume":"33","author":"Hemink","year":"2018","journal-title":"SPE Prod. Oper."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/12\/4239\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:30:46Z","timestamp":1760196646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/12\/4239"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s18124239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18124239","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]]}}}