{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:49:53Z","timestamp":1761648593571,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Improving transmission reliability is a crucial challenge for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) because of the instability of channel conditions and the stringent Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) requirement for many WBANs applications. On the other hand, limited by the size of WBAN nodes, the energy consumption of WBAN nodes should be minimized. In this paper, we jointly consider transmission power control, dynamic slot scheduling and two-hop cooperative mechanism and propose an Autocorrelation-based Adaptive Transmission (AAT) scheme that achieves a better trade-off between transmission reliability and energy consumption for WBAN systems. The new scheme is designed to be compatible with IEEE 802.15.6. We evaluated the performance of the newly proposed scheme by importing the real channel datasets into our simulation model. Simulation results demonstrate that the AAT method can effectively improve the transmission reliability while reducing the energy consumption. We also provide the performance evaluation from three perspectives, namely packet error ratio, energy consumption and energy efficiency, and provide recommendations on the application of the two-hop cooperative mechanism associated with the proposed AAT in the contexts of WBANs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T12:22:00Z","timestamp":1544012520000},"page":"4283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Joint Transmission Power Control and Relay Cooperation for WBAN Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9217-3050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China"},{"name":"School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4322-4448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzad","family":"Safaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2677-8721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le Chung","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IEEE Standards Association (2012). IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks\u2014Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks, IEEE. IEEE Standard 802.15.6-2012."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Yazdandoost, K.Y., and Sayrafian-Pour, K. (2009). Channel Model for Body Area Network (BAN), IEEE."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudjai, M., Tran, L.C., and Safaei, F. (2012, January 9\u201312). Performance analysis of STFC MB-OFDM UWB in WBAN channels. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Sydney, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2012.6362625"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13638-018-1261-8","article-title":"Channel autocorrelation-based dynamic slot scheduling for body area networks","volume":"2018","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-010-9571-3","article-title":"A Comprehensive Survey of Wireless Body Area Networks","volume":"36","author":"Ullah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2005.847527","article-title":"Communication scheduling to minimize thermal effects of implanted biosensor networks in homogeneous tissue","volume":"52","author":"Tang","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2009.090105","article-title":"Transmission Power Control in Body Area Sensor Networks for Healthcare Monitoring","volume":"27","author":"Xiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, D.B., Lamahewa, T., Hanlen, L.W., and Miniutti, D. (2011, January 5\u20139). Simple Prediction-Based Power Control for the On-Body Area Communications Channel. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Kyoto, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/icc.2011.5963355"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4218\/etrij.14.0213.0220","article-title":"Transmission Power Control for IEEE 802.15.6 Body Area Networks","volume":"36","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"ETRI J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2015.0368","article-title":"Energy-efficient adaptive transmission power control for wireless body area networks","volume":"10","author":"Sodhro","year":"2016","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, W., Lee, B.D., and Kim, N. (2014). Hybrid Transmission Power Control for Wireless Body Sensor Systems. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw., 10.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/259181"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, D.B., Hanlen, L.W., and Miniutti, D. (2012, January 1\u20134). Transmit power control for wireless body area networks using novel channel prediction. Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), Shanghai, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2012.6214456"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Franco, F.D., Ge, Y., and Tinnirello, I. (2014, January 2\u20135). On-body and off-body transmit power control in IEEE 802.15.6 scheduled access networks. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"11","article-title":"Channel estimation and transmit power control in wireless body area networks","volume":"5","author":"Tachtatzis","year":"2014","journal-title":"IET Wirel. Sens. Syst."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Archasantisuk, S., Aoyagi, T., Kim, M., and Takada, J.I. (2016, January 4\u20138). Transmission power control in WBAN using the context-specific temporal correlation model. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Valencia, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2016.7794875"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2012.2227335","article-title":"RSSI\/LQI-Based Transmission Power Control for Body Area Networks in Healthcare Environment","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou, L., Liu, B., Chen, C., and Chen, C.W. (2014, January 8\u201312). Bayesian game based power control scheme for inter-WBAN interference mitigation. Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Austin, TX, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2014.7036814"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yong, X., Mengya, K., Fen, L., and Qianming, Z. (2016, January 14\u201317). A self-adaptive Power control algorithm based on game theory for inter-WBAN interference mitigation. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), Chengdu, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/CompComm.2016.7925223"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"QoS-based adaptive power control scheme for co-located WBANs: A cooperative bargaining game theoretic perspective","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Liu, B., Chen, C., and Chen, C.W. (2015, January 6\u201310). QoS-Driven Power Control for Inter-WBAN Interference Mitigation. Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2015.7417058"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2010.5496890","article-title":"Body-posture-based dynamic link power control in wearable sensor networks","volume":"48","author":"Quwaider","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zang, W., and Li, Y. (2015, January 14\u201316). Motion aware transmission power control scheme in wireless body area network. Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS), Hangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/SiPS.2015.7345016"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2611844","article-title":"An Accelerometer-Assisted Transmission Power Control Solution for Energy-Efficient Communications in WBAN","volume":"34","author":"Zang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2017.2688401","article-title":"Gait Cycle Driven Transmission Power Control Scheme for Wireless Body Area Network","volume":"22","author":"Zang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Kong, L., Wu, F., Zheng, Z., and Chen, G. (2016, January 4\u20138). MAPM: Movement-Based Adaptive Prediction Mechanism for Energy Conservation in Body Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2016.7841973"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallejo, M., Piorno, J.R., and Rodrigo, J.L.A. (2014, January 26\u201328). A Link Quality Estimator for Power-Efficient Communication Over On-Body Channels. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC), Milano, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/EUC.2014.44"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5914","DOI":"10.3390\/s150305914","article-title":"Proactive and Reactive Transmission Power Control for Energy-Efficient On-Body Communications","volume":"15","author":"Vallejo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8408","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2698158","article-title":"A Relay-Aided Transmission Power Control Method in Wireless Body Area Networks","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, J., and Smith, D. (2014, January 10\u201314). Joint relay selection and transmit power control for wireless body area networks coexistence. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Sydney, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2014.6884226"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2017.01.005","article-title":"Topology design and cross-layer optimization for wireless body sensor networks","volume":"59","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marinkovic, S., and Popovici, E. (2009, January 11\u201316). Network Coding for Efficient Error Recovery in Wireless Sensor Networks for Medical Applications. Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Network Intelligence, Sliema, Malta.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMERGING.2009.22"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taparugssanagorn, A., Ono, F., and Kohno, R. (2010, January 26\u201330). Network coding for non-invasive wireless body area networks. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Workshops (PIMRC), Instanbul, Turkey.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRCW.2010.5670413"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne, E., and Manada, A. (2012, January 2\u20135). On coding schemes for wireless body area networks. Proceedings of the International Symposium onCommunications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), Gold Coast, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCIT.2012.6380880"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Yokota, K., Mamada, A., and Morita, H. (October, January 30). An XOR Encoding for Wireless Body Area Networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Body Area Networks (BodyNets), Boston, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.3390\/s150100440","article-title":"QoS-Aware Error Recovery in Wireless Body Sensor Networks Using Adaptive Network Coding","volume":"15","author":"Razzaque","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Arrobo, G.E., and Gitlin, R.D. (September, January 30). Improving the reliability of wireless body area networks. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), Boston, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arrobo, G.E., and Gitlin, R.D. (2011, January 7\u20139). New approaches to reliable wireless body area networks. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronic Systems (COMCAS), Tel Aviv, Israel.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMCAS.2011.6105871"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4806","DOI":"10.3390\/s140304806","article-title":"A cloud-assisted random linear network coding medium access control protocol for healthcare applications","volume":"14","author":"Kartsakli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Arrobo, G.E., and Gitlin, R.D. (2014, January 9\u201311). Minimizing energy consumption for cooperative network and diversity coded sensor networks. Proceedings of the Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, Washington, DC, USA."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7010519","article-title":"Reliable MAC design for ambient assisted living: moving the coordination to the cloud","volume":"53","author":"Kartsakli","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Haas, Z.J., and Chen, T.C. (November, January 31). Cluster-based cooperative communication with network coding in wireless networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), San Jose, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6267579","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6267579","article-title":"A Novel Cooperation-Based Network Coding Scheme for Walking Scenarios in WBANs","volume":"2017","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Safaei, F., and Tran, L.C. (2018, January 29). Autocorrelation Based Transmission Power Control in WBANs. Proceedings of the Accepted by 12th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT), Ultimo, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMICT.2018.8573719"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Safaei, F., and Tran, L.C. (2017, January 4\u20137). Measurement-Based Characterizations of On-Body Channel in the Human Walking Scenario. Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2017-Spring), Sydney, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2017.8108207"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2005.863885","article-title":"Ultra-wideband channel model for communication around the human body","volume":"24","author":"Fort","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Smith, D., Miniutti, D., Hanlen, L., Zhang, A., Lewis, D., Rodda, D., and Gilbert, B. (2009). Power Delay Profiles for Dynamic Narrowband Body Area Network Channels, IEEE."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Safaei, F., and Tran, L.C. (2016, January 27\u201330). Joint analog network coding and channel allocation in the walking scenario for WBAN. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communication (ISCC), Messina, Italy."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanlen, L., Chaganti, V., Gilbert, B., Rodda, D., Lamahewa, T., and Smith, D.B. (2010, January 26\u201330). Open-source testbed for Body Area Networks: 200 sample\/sec, 12 hrs continuous measurement. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Workshops (PIMRC), Instanbul, Turkey.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRCW.2010.5670518"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Lauzier, M., Ferrand, P., Fraboulet, A., Parvery, H., and Gorce, J.M. (2013, January 8\u201312). Full mesh channel measurements on Body Area Networks under walking scenarios. Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Gothenburg, Sweden."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28005","DOI":"10.3390\/s151128005","article-title":"A Hybrid Lifetime Extended Directional Approach for WBANs","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2008.2003431","article-title":"Energy Efficient Medium Access Protocol for Wireless Medical Body Area Sensor Networks","volume":"2","author":"Omeni","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.21-3-2017.152391","article-title":"On The Energy Efficiency of Adaptive WBAN Systems for mHealth Services","volume":"3","author":"Sudjai","year":"2017","journal-title":"EAI Endors. Trans. Pervasive Health Technol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"1","article-title":"Energy-efficiency analysis of per-subcarrier antenna selection with peak-power reduction in MIMO-OFDM wireless systems","volume":"2014","author":"Le","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2014.0804","article-title":"Energy Efficiency Analysis of Antenna Selection MIMO ARQ Systems over Nakagami-m Fading Channels","volume":"9","author":"Le","year":"2015","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2016.0409","article-title":"Error performance and energy efficiency analyses of fully cooperative OFDM communication in frequency selective fading","volume":"10","author":"Tran","year":"2016","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8737","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2637568","article-title":"Comprehensive Performance Analysis of Fully Cooperative Communication in WBANs","volume":"4","author":"Tran","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Athanassios Boulis (2018, September 30). Castalia: A Simulator for Wireless Sensor Networks and Body Area Networks. Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/boulis\/Castalia\/."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Texas Instuments (2018, September 30). 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4\/Zigbee-Ready RF Transceiver. Available online: http:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ds\/symlink\/cc2420.pdf."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Errico, R., and Ouvry, L. (2009, January 13\u201316). Time-variant BAN channel characterization. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Tokyo, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2009.5449948"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map:20060215","article-title":"Indoor body-area channel model for narrowband communications","volume":"1","author":"Fort","year":"2007","journal-title":"IET Microw. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2010.2048690","article-title":"Second-Order Statistics for Many-Link Body Area Networks","volume":"9","author":"Chaganti","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.031914.130303","article-title":"Are Narrowband Wireless On-Body Networks Wide-Sense Stationary?","volume":"13","author":"Chaganti","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundararajan, J.K., Shah, D., M\u00e9dard, M., Mitzenmacher, M., and Barros, J. (2009, January 19\u201325). Network Coding Meets TCP. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2009.5061931"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/12\/4283\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:31:23Z","timestamp":1760196683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/18\/12\/4283"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["s18124283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18124283","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]}}}