{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:07:19Z","timestamp":1760242039203,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2017YFC0601603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0601603"]}]},{"name":"HUST Key Innovation Team Foundation for Interdisciplinary Promotion","award":["2016JCTD102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016JCTD102"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61871439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61871439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018M630854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M630854"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rotating Accelerometer Gravity Gradiometers (RAGGs) play a significant role in applications such as resource exploration and gravity aided navigation. Scale factor calibration is an essential procedure for RAGG instruments before being used. In this paper, we propose a calibration system for a gravity gradiometer to obtain the scale factor effectively, even when there are mass disturbance surroundings. In this system, four metal spring-based accelerometers with a good consistency are orthogonally assembled onto a rotary table to measure the spatial variation of the gravity gradient. By changing the approaching pattern of the reference gravity gradient excitation object, the calibration results are generated. Experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently and repetitively detect a gravity gradient excitation mass weighing 260 kg within a range of 1.6 m and the scale factor of RAGG can be obtained as (5.4 \u00b1 0.2) E\/\u03bcV, which is consistent with the theoretical simulation. Error analyses reveal that the performance of the proposed calibration scheme is mainly limited by positioning error of the excitation and can be improved by applying higher accuracy position rails. Furthermore, the RAGG is expected to perform more efficiently and reliably in field tests in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T03:27:49Z","timestamp":1544585269000},"page":"4386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Scale Factor Calibration for a Rotating Accelerometer Gravity Gradiometer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zhongguang","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement &amp; Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Chenyuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement &amp; Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Xiangqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics and School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5079-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement &amp; Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"given":"Fangjing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement &amp; Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0757-2362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huafeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement &amp; Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1014-9784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangcheng","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement &amp; Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"},{"name":"Institute of Geophysics and PGMF, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15053","DOI":"10.1029\/94JB03257","article-title":"Gravity field determination and characteristics: Retrospective and prospective","volume":"100","author":"Nerem","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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