{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:38:05Z","timestamp":1777520285342,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,16]],"date-time":"2018-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSC 100-2627-E-010-001, NSC 101-2627-E-010-001, NSC 102-2627-E-010-001, MOST 107-2221-E-010-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC 100-2627-E-010-001, NSC 101-2627-E-010-001, NSC 102-2627-E-010-001, MOST 107-2221-E-010-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology","award":["NCSIST-164-V101(105)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCSIST-164-V101(105)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Limited-angle iterative reconstruction (LAIR) reduces the radiation dose required for computed tomography (CT) imaging by decreasing the range of the projection angle. We developed an image-quality-based stopping-criteria method with a flexible and innovative instrument design that, when combined with LAIR, provides the image quality of a conventional CT system. This study describes the construction of different scan acquisition protocols for micro-CT system applications. Fully-sampled Feldkamp (FDK)-reconstructed images were used as references for comparison to assess the image quality produced by these tested protocols. The insufficient portions of a sinogram were inpainted by applying a context encoder (CE), a type of generative adversarial network, to the LAIR process. The context image was passed through an encoder to identify features that were connected to the decoder using a channel-wise fully-connected layer. Our results evidence the excellent performance of this novel approach. Even when we reduce the radiation dose by 1\/4, the iterative-based LAIR improved the full-width half-maximum, contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios by 20% to 40% compared to a fully-sampled FDK-based reconstruction. Our data support that this CE-based sinogram completion method enhances the efficacy and efficiency of LAIR and that would allow feasibility of limited angle reconstruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T02:15:59Z","timestamp":1545099359000},"page":"4458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of Limited-Angle Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms with Context Encoder-Based Sinogram Completion for Micro-CT Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shih-Chun","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Jui","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3619-1358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jyh-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Huan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2493-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu-Chien","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hsiang","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woei-Chyn","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials &amp; Electro-Optics Research Division, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science &amp; Technology, Taoyuan 32599, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1117\/12.55622","article-title":"Constrained sinogram restoration for limited-angle tomography","volume":"29","author":"Prince","year":"1990","journal-title":"Opt. 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