{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:54:09Z","timestamp":1770836049426,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study, we design a tunable plasmonic refractive index sensor with nanoring-strip graphene arrays. The calculations prove that the nanoring-strip have two transmission dips. By changing the strip length L of the present structure, we find that the nanoring-strip graphene arrays have a wide range of resonances (resonance wavelength increases from 17.73 \u03bcm to 28.15 \u03bcm). When changing the sensing medium refractive index nmed, the sensitivity of mode A and B can reach 2.97 \u03bcm\/RIU and 5.20 \u03bcm\/RIU. By changing the doping level ng, we notice that the transmission characteristics can be tuned flexibly. Finally, the proposed sensor also shows good angle tolerance for both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations. The proposed nanoring-strip graphene arrays along with the numerical results could open a new avenue to realize various tunable plasmon devices and have a great application prospect in biosensing, detection, and imaging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T11:09:21Z","timestamp":1545131361000},"page":"4489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["A Tunable Plasmonic Refractive Index Sensor with Nanoring-Strip Graphene Arrays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Chunlian","family":"Cen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621010, China"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Civil-Military Integration Institute, Mianyang 621010, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Civil-Military Integration Institute, Mianyang 621010, China"}]},{"given":"Cuiping","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Civil-Military Integration Institute, Mianyang 621010, China"}]},{"given":"Xifang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Civil-Military Integration Institute, Mianyang 621010, China"}]},{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Civil-Military Integration Institute, Mianyang 621010, China"}]},{"given":"Zao","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Laboratory for Extreme Conditions Matter Properties, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China"},{"name":"Sichuan Civil-Military Integration Institute, Mianyang 621010, China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621010, China"}]},{"given":"Jiangwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Yougen","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4446-6967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuyuan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.000458","article-title":"Graphene-on-silver substrates for sensitive surface plasmon resonance imaging biosensors","volume":"19","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. 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