{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T05:10:51Z","timestamp":1775365851754,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]],"date-time":"2018-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010418","name":"Institute for Information and communications Technology Promotion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-0-00052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-0-00052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose a smart insole for inexpensive plantar pressure sensing and a simple visualizing scheme. The insole is composed of two elastomeric layers and two electrode layers where the common top electrode is submerged in the insole. The upper elastomeric layer is non-conductive poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) and supports plantar pressure buffering and the lower layer is carbon nano-tube (CNT)-dispersed PDMS for pressure sensing through piezo-resistivity. Under the lower sensing layer are 16 bottom electrodes for pressure distribution sensing without cell-to-cell interference. Since no soldering or sewing is needed the smart insole manufacturing processes is simple and cost-effective. The pressure sensitivity and time response of the material was measured and based on the 16 sensing data of the smart insole, we virtually extended the frame size for continuous and smoothed pressure distribution image with the help of a simple pseudo interpolation scheme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19010044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,24]],"date-time":"2018-12-24T10:37:49Z","timestamp":1545647869000},"page":"44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Characterization of Elastic Polymer-Based Smart Insole and a Simple Foot Plantar Pressure Visualization Method Using 16 Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8861-9446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wangjoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyper-connected Basic Technology Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Gajung-ro 218, Yusung-gu Daejeon 34129, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hyeon","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyper-connected Basic Technology Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Gajung-ro 218, Yusung-gu Daejeon 34129, Korea"},{"name":"Department of computer science, KoreaTech University, Choongjeol-ro 1600, Byungcheong-myun, Cheonan 31253, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4887-2356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Woo","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyper-connected Basic Technology Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Gajung-ro 218, Yusung-gu Daejeon 34129, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, W., Huang, M.-C., Amini, N., Liu, J.J., He, L., and Sarrafzadeh, M. (2012, January 6\u20138). Smart insole: A wearable system for gait analysis. Proceedings of the PETRA\u201912, Crete Island, Greece.","DOI":"10.1145\/2413097.2413120"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9884","DOI":"10.3390\/s120709884","article-title":"Foot Plantar Pressure Measurement System: A Review","volume":"12","author":"Razak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2585643","article-title":"Smart Insole: A Wearable Sensor Device for Unobtrusive Gait Monitoring in Daily Life","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafidh, B., Osman, H.A., and Saddik, A.E. (2013, January 15\u201319). SmartInsole: A foot-based activity and gait measurement device. 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