{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T12:39:18Z","timestamp":1770295158374,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The number of IoT (Internet of Things) devices is predicted to increase dramatically in the years to come and their manufacturing and maintenance, including both commercial and ecological aspects associated with these, are gaining substantial attention. One of the effective ways of addressing both these issues at a time is the energy-neutral systems, which operate with the energy harvested from their environment. To address the major problem of this system, namely the low reliability, in the current paper, we develop and study the utility of a system powered solely with the wireless power transfer (WPT) over a radio frequency (RF) channel. In the article, we propose a methodology for developing and implementing a real-life IoT application based on RF WPT. We employ the proposed methodology to develop a WPT-powered solution to sense the temperature and the angular velocity in the rotating industrial environment. First, we discuss the key trade-offs arising when selecting and developing the new components for a WPT system. Then, we present and detail our solutions and describe the results of their evaluations. Finally, we instrument and evaluate the complete system, proving that it is capable of meeting all the design goals and requirements. The results reported in this paper can be of interest to the practitioners, for whom they provide a step-by-step methodology of WPT application development with a practical example. In addition, these results may be valuable for analysts, as they demonstrate many practical interrelations and effects specific to the real-life WPT applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19010090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T11:52:42Z","timestamp":1545997962000},"page":"90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Wireless Energy Transfer Powered Wireless Sensor Node for Green IoT: Design, Implementation and Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Janne","family":"Janhunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Solmu Technologies, 90620 Oulu, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-6629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin","family":"Mikhaylov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Pet\u00e4j\u00e4j\u00e4rvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solmu Technologies, 90620 Oulu, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1103-0590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Sonkki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hill, J.L. (2003). System Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of California]."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Mikhaylov, K. (2018). Plug and Play Reconfigurable Solutions for Heterogeneous IoT. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oulu]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paavola, M., and Leiviska, K. (2010). Wireless Sensor Networks in Industrial Automation, INTECH Open Access Publisher.","DOI":"10.5772\/9532"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2017.2774285","article-title":"Experiment, Modeling, and Analysis of Wireless-Powered Sensor Network for Energy Neutral Power Management","volume":"12","author":"Setiawan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2018, December 04). HTU21D(F) RH\/T SENSOR IC. Available online: https:\/\/www.mouser.fi\/pdfdocs\/HTU21DF.PDF."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2018, December 04). Datasheet SHTC1 Humidity and Temperature Sensor IC. Available online: https:\/\/www.sensirion.com\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/customers\/sensirion\/Dokumente\/0_Datasheets\/Humidity\/Sensirion_Humidity_Sensors_SHTC1_Datasheet.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2018, December 04). Datasheet Sensirion SCD30 Sensor Module: CO2, Humidity, and Temperature Sensor. Available online: https:\/\/www.sensirion.com\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/customers\/sensirion\/Dokumente\/0_Datasheets\/CO2\/Sensirion_CO2_Sensors_SCD30_Datasheet.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2018, December 04). Telaire T6713 Series CO2 Module. Available online: http:\/\/www.mouser.com\/ds\/2\/18\/AAS-920-634D-Telaire-T6713%20Series-092415-web-1076778.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7263370","article-title":"Understanding the IoT connectivity landscape: A contemporary M2M radio technology roadmap","volume":"53","author":"Andreev","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2652320","article-title":"Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview","volume":"19","author":"Raza","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2014.2309499","article-title":"Harvesting Wireless Power: Survey of Energy-Harvester Conversion Efficiency in Far-Field, Wireless Power Transfer Systems","volume":"15","author":"Valenta","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Mag."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janhunen, J., Mikhaylov, K., and Pet\u00e4j\u00e4j\u00e4rvi, J. (2017, January 12\u201315). Experimental RF-Signal Based Wireless Energy Transmission. Proceedings of the European Conference on Networks and Communications, Oulu, Finland.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCNC.2017.7980761"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1109\/JRFID.2017.2739202","article-title":"Self-Powered Multi-Port UHF RFID Tag-Based-Sensor","volume":"1","author":"Abdulhadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE J. Freq. Identif."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2006.15","article-title":"Self-powered wireless temperature sensors exploit RFID technology","volume":"5","author":"Opasjumruskit","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2018, December 12). Datasheet PCT100 Powercast High-Function RFID Sensor Tag. Available online: http:\/\/www.powercastco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/PCT100-Datasheet-Rev-3.pdf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iannello, F., Simeone, O., and Spagnolini, U. (2010, January 23\u201327). Energy Management Policies for Passive RFID Sensors with RF-Energy Harvesting. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, Cape Town, South Africa.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2010.5502035"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2841964","article-title":"Ambient Backscatter Communications: A Contemporary Survey","volume":"20","author":"Hoang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2018, December 04). Powercast, P2110B Data Sheet. Available online: https:\/\/www.powercastco.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/ 2016\/12\/P2110B-Datasheet-Rev-3.pdf."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, Z.H.N., Khan, D., Ahmad, N., Abbasizadeh, H., Shah, S.A.A., Park, Y.J., and Lee, K.Y. (2017, January 5\u20138). 6-Parallel RF energy harvesting rectifier with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) for 5.8 GHz 3 W wireless power transfer. Proceedings of the IEEE International SoC Design Conference, Seoul, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISOCC.2017.8368855"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Komurasaki, K.M.K., Hatakeyama, W., Okamoto, Y., Minakawa, S., Suzuki, M., Shimamura, K., Mizushima, A., Fujiwara, K., and Yamaoka, H. (2017, January 10\u201312). Microstrip antenna and rectifier for wireless power transfar at 94 GHz. Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference, Taipei, Taiwan."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almohaimeed, A.M., Yagoub, M.C.E., and Amaya, R.E. (2016, January 14\u201316). A highly efficient power harvester with wide dynamic input power range for 900 MHz wireless power transfer applications. Proceedings of the 16th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium, Abu Dhabi, United Arab.","DOI":"10.1109\/MMS.2016.7803790"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1109\/LMWC.2015.2451397","article-title":"Enhanced Dual-Band Ambient RF Energy Harvesting With Ultra-Wide Power Range","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"32","article-title":"An Enhanced Rectenna Using Differentially-Fed Rectifier for Wireless Power Transmission","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4326","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2697851","article-title":"Octave and Decade Printed UWB Rectifiers Based on Nonuniform Transmission Lines for Energy Harvesting","volume":"65","author":"Kimionis","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1109\/MMM.2016.2616189","article-title":"Scavenging for Energy: A Rectenna Design for Wireless Energy Harvesting in UHF Mobile Telephony Bands","volume":"18","author":"Palazzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Microw. Mag."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35857","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2848907","article-title":"A Compact Rectenna System with High Conversion Efficiency for Wireless Energy Harvesting","volume":"6","author":"Awais","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngo, T., Huang, A., and Guo, Y.X. (2018). Analysis and Design of a Reconfigurable Rectifier Circuit for Wireless Power Transfer. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., in press.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2875638"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Fan, Y., Li, Y., Yang, L., and Wang, M. (2018). An Efficient Broadband Slotted Rectenna for Wireless Power Transfer at LTE Band. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., in press.","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2018.2882632"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2008.920318","article-title":"Efficient far-field radio frequency energy harvesting for passively powered sensor networks","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2006.887974","article-title":"Analysis and design strategy of UHF micro-power CMOS rectifiers for micro-sensor and RFID applications","volume":"54","author":"Yi","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scorcioni, S., Larcher, L., Bertacchini, A., Vincetti, L., and Maini, M. (2013, January 15\u201316). An integrated RF energy harvester for UHF wireless powering applications. Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference, Perugia, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/WPT.2013.6556890"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1109\/JSSC.2005.857352","article-title":"Remotely powered addressable UHF RFID integrated system","volume":"40","author":"Curty","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olgun, U., Chen, C., and Volakis, J. (2010, January 16\u201319). Wireless power harvesting with planar rectennas for 2.45 GHz RFIDs. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, Berlin, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/URSI-EMTS.2010.5637008"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/22.739282","article-title":"Design and experiments of a high-conversion-efficiency 5.8-GHz rectenna","volume":"46","author":"McSpadden","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishida, K., Taniguchi, Y., Kawakami, K., Homma, Y., Mizutani, H., Miyazaki, M., Ikematsu, H., and Shinohara, N. (2011, January 12\u201313). 5.8 GHz high sensitivity rectenna array. Proceedings of the International Microwave Symposium Series\u2014Innovative Wireless Power Transmission, Kyoto, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMWS.2011.5877082"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/22.141359","article-title":"Theoretical and experimental development of 10 and 35 GHz rectennas","volume":"40","author":"Yoo","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collado, A., and Georgiadis, A. (2013, January 2\u20137). 24 GHz substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) rectenna for energy harvesting and wireless power transmission. Proceedings of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Symposium, Seattle, WA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2013.6697772"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1109\/22.141358","article-title":"Millimeter wave technology for space power beaming","volume":"40","author":"Koert","year":"1992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2016.2621766","article-title":"Wireless-Powered Sensor Networks: How to Realize","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2767579","article-title":"Theory and Experiment for Wireless-Powered Sensor Networks: How to Keep Sensors Alive","volume":"17","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2790578","article-title":"Distributed Wireless Power Transfer System for Internet-of-Things Devices","volume":"5","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2368999","article-title":"Wireless Networks With RF Energy Harvesting: A Contemporary Survey","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2013.031813.120224","article-title":"MIMO broadcasting for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B., Fei, Z., Chu, Z., and Zhang, Y. (2018). Secure Transmission for Heterogeneous Cellular Networks with Wireless Information and Power Transfer. IEEE Syst. J., in press.","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2017.2713881"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2017.2698502","article-title":"Robust Max\u2013Min Fairness Resource Allocation in Sensing-Based Wideband Cognitive Radio With SWIPT: Imperfect Channel Sensing","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2018.1600468","article-title":"Wirelessly Powered Urban Crowd Sensing over Wearables: Trading Energy for Data","volume":"25","author":"Galinina","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4798","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2340817","article-title":"Multiuser MISO Beamforming for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer","volume":"62","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal. Process."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7120024","article-title":"Wireless energy harvesting for the Internet of Things","volume":"53","author":"Kamalinejad","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17996","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2820093","article-title":"Energy-Aware Routing for SWIPT in Multi-Hop Energy-Constrained Wireless Network","volume":"6","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53342","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2871068","article-title":"Slotted ALOHA for Wireless Powered Communication Networks","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6194","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2014.2362092","article-title":"Joint Beamforming and Power Splitting for MISO Interference Channel With SWIPT: An SOCP Relaxation and Decentralized Algorithm","volume":"62","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2014.2354335","article-title":"Collaborative Wireless Energy and Information Transfer in Interference Channel","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Wolf, W. (2000). Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computing System Design, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuorilehto, M., Kohvakka, M., Suhonen, J., Hamalainen, H., Hannikainen, M., and Hamalainen, T.D. (2007). Ultra-Low Energy Wireless Sensor Networks in Practice, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470516805"},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Mohanty, S., Gupta, K.K., Raju, K.S., Mishra, V., Kumar, V., and Prasad, P.B. (March, January 28). Characterization of wireless accelerometer sensor and its industrial applications. Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on Communications, Kanpur, India."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2017.2777558","article-title":"Angular-Dependent Radius Measurements at Rotating Objects Using Underdetermined Sensor Systems","volume":"67","author":"Fischer","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prochazka, P., and Vanek, F. (2015, January 11\u201314). Non-contact measurement of stationary characteristics of shrouded steam turbine blades under rotation. Proceedings of the IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Pisa, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/I2MTC.2015.7151604"},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Hansen, S.V., Petersen, J.B., Jensen, J.J., and Lutzen, M. (2012). Performance Monitoring of Ships, Technical University of Denmark."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prochaska, M., Rohrmann, K., Sandner, M., Meier, P., and Freund, F. (2018, January 25\u201328). A readout concept for AC-driven xMR sensors in automotive wheel speed applications. Proceedings of the 9th Latin American Symposium on Circuits & Systems, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.","DOI":"10.1109\/LASCAS.2018.8399913"},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"(2018, December 04). ERC Recommendation 70-03, ERC 70-03. Available online: https:\/\/www.cept.org\/Documents\/srd\/mg\/933\/Info_6_ERC_REC_70-03_August_2011."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Ficora (2018, December 04). Regulation 15 on Collective Frequencies for Licence-Exempt Radio Transmitters and on Their Use. Available online: https:\/\/www.finlex.fi\/data\/normit\/32670\/MPS_15AM2018M_EN.pdf."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Solmu Technologies Ltd. (2018, December 04). Web Page. Available online: http:\/\/www.solmutech.com\/."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.1984.1132833","article-title":"The History of Power Transmission by Radio Waves","volume":"32","author":"Brown","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"(2018, December 04). Octopart. Available online: https:\/\/octopart.com\/search?q=P2110&start=0&manufacturer.displayname=Powercast."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, S., Kuo, C., Lu, S., and Liao, Y. (2017, January 4\u20139). A high-efficiency power management IC with power-aware multi-path rectifier for wide-range RF energy harvesting. Proceedings of the International Microwave Symposium Series, Honololu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSYM.2017.8059104"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1002\/asjc.1492","article-title":"Design and Implementation of The Plug&Play Enabled Flexible Modular Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network Platform","volume":"19","author":"Mikhaylov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J. Control"},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"(2018, December 04). POWERCASTER Transmitter. Available online: https:\/\/www.powercastco.com\/products\/powercaster-transmitter\/."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/1\/90\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T15:36:26Z","timestamp":1760196986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/1\/90"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s19010090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19010090","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]]}}}