{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T18:16:03Z","timestamp":1775672163760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EPSRC CDT-Enabling Technologies","award":["Centre for Doctor Training"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centre for Doctor Training"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","award":["PhD Programme to the UK"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD Programme to the UK"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photoplethysmography (PPG) based pulse oximetry devices normally use red and infrared illuminations to obtain oxygen saturation (SpO     2    ) readings. In addition, the presence of motion artefacts severely restricts the utility of pulse oximetry physiological measurements. In the current study, a combination of green and orange illuminations from a multi-wavelength optoelectronic patch sensor (mOEPS) was investigated in order to improve robustness to subjects\u2019 movements in the extraction of SpO     2     measurement. The experimental protocol with 31 healthy subjects was divided into two sub-protocols, and was designed to determine SpO     2     measurement. The datasets for the first sub-protocol were collected from 15 subjects at rest, with the subjects free to move their hands. The datasets for the second sub-protocol with 16 subjects were collected during cycling and walking exercises. The results showed good agreement with SpO     2     measurements (r = 0.98) in both sub-protocols. The outcomes promise a robust and cost-effective approach of physiological monitoring with the prospect of providing health monitoring that does not restrict user physical movements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19010118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]],"date-time":"2018-12-31T07:22:30Z","timestamp":1546240950000},"page":"118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Oxygen Saturation Measurements from Green and Orange Illuminations of Multi-Wavelength Optoelectronic Patch Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Samah","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9637-4730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sijung","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mulvaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangwen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Blanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-5953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin","family":"Elsahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2302-8319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Adema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lopez, S. 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