{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:54:43Z","timestamp":1778496883357,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the male population, its basic biological function at a cellular level remains to be fully understood. This lack of in depth understanding of its physiology significantly hinders the development of new, targeted and more effective treatment strategies. Whilst electrophysiological studies can provide in depth analysis, the possibility of recording electrical activity in large populations of non-neuronal cells remains a significant challenge, even harder to address in the picoAmpere-range, which is typical of cellular level electrical activities. In this paper, we present the measurement and characterization of electrical activity of populations of prostate cancer cells PC-3, demonstrating for the first time a meaningful electrical pattern. The low noise system used comprises a multi-electrode array (MEA) with circular gold electrodes on silicon oxide substrates. The extracellular capacitive currents present two standard patterns: an asynchronous sporadic pattern and a synchronous quasi-periodic biphasic spike pattern. An amplitude of \u00b1150 pA, a width between 50\u2013300 ms and an inter-spike interval around 0.5 Hz characterize the quasi-periodic spikes. Our experiments using treatment of cells with Gd3\u207a, known as an inhibitor for the Ca2\u207a exchanges, suggest that the quasi-periodic signals originate from Ca2\u207a channels. After adding the Gd3\u207a to a population of living PC-3 cells, their electrical activity considerably decreased; once the culture was washed, thus eliminating the Gd3\u207a containing medium and addition of fresh cellular growth medium, the PC-3 cells recovered their normal electrical activity. Cellular viability plots have been carried out, demonstrating that the PC-3 cells remain viable after the use of Gd3\u207a, on the timescale of this experiment. Hence, this experimental work suggests that Ca2\u207a is significantly affecting the electrophysiological communication pattern among PC-3 cell populations. Our measuring platform opens up new avenues for real time and highly sensitive investigations of prostate cancer signalling pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19010139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T03:36:30Z","timestamp":1546486590000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Extracellular Electrophysiology in the Prostate Cancer Cell Model PC-3"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"Cabello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haobo","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Aracil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9175-5852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Despina","family":"Moschou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6956-1146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Estrela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3905-2874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Manuel Quero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, University of Seville, 41004 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6385-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"I. 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