{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:40:31Z","timestamp":1760186431452,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["NRF-2018R1D1A1B07043360, NRF-2018R1D1A1B07043146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1D1A1B07043360, NRF-2018R1D1A1B07043146"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We consider a wireless network comprising two types of nodes: Type I node and Type II node. The Type I node has unlimited energy supply and the Type II node is powered by radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting where the RF transmissions by the Type I node are the opportunities for the Type II node to replenish its battery. The Type I node has a data queue for storing data packets generated intermittently and the Type II node has a backlogged data queue. Our objective in this paper is to investigate system throughput and packet delay in an RF energy-harvesting network. Specifically, we find the optimal transmission probabilities of the two nodes which minimize the packet delay of the Type I node while maximizing the system throughput subject to the stability condition of the data queue of the Type I node. The whole system of the two interacting nodes can be exactly modeled by a two-dimensional Markov chain. Instead of following such an approach, we resort to another approximate approach so that our optimization problem can be solved more easily and closed-form solutions are available. The accuracy of the approximate model is validated by extensive simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19010145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T11:11:56Z","timestamp":1546513916000},"page":"145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimal Design of RF Energy-Harvesting Network: Throughput and Delay Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yun Han","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Education, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Woo","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2002.1028877","article-title":"Energy concerns in wireless networks","volume":"4","author":"Ephremides","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. 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