{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T08:06:30Z","timestamp":1776153990694,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["G-YBRN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-YBRN"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Center","award":["H-ZG4W"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-ZG4W"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Motion capture and analyzing systems are essential for understanding locomotion. However, the existing devices are too cumbersome and can be used indoors only. A newly-developed wearable motion capture and measurement system with multiple sensors and ultrasound imaging was introduced in this study. Methods: In ten healthy participants, the changes in muscle area and activity of gastrocnemius, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of right leg during walking were evaluated by the developed system and the Vicon system. The existence of significant changes in a gait cycle, comparison of the ankle kinetic data captured by the developed system and the Vicon system, and test-retest reliability (evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) in each channel\u2019s data captured by the developed system were examined. Results: Moderate to good test-retest reliability of various channels of the developed system (0.512 \u2264 ICC \u2264 0.988, p &lt; 0.05), significantly high correlation between the developed system and Vicon system in ankle joint angles (0.638R \u2264 0.707, p &lt; 0.05), and significant changes in muscle activity of gastrocnemius during a gait cycle (p &lt; 0.05) were found. Conclusion: A newly developed wearable motion capture and measurement system with ultrasound imaging that can accurately capture the motion of one leg was evaluated in this study, which paves the way towards real-time comprehensive evaluation of muscles and joint motions during different activities in both indoor and outdoor environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19010195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T03:06:06Z","timestamp":1547003166000},"page":"195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Towards Wearable Comprehensive Capture and Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Activity during Human Locomotion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6507-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina Zong-Hao","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping University, 551 11 J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Yan To","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}]},{"given":"Queenie Tsung Kwan","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}]},{"given":"Li-Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Center, Guangzhou 510440, China"}]},{"given":"Yong-Ping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2016.11.008","article-title":"Errors in the ankle plantarflexor force production are related to the gait deficits of individuals with multiple sclerosis","volume":"51","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. 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