{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T17:08:20Z","timestamp":1765040900971,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, dual-modal fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy was performed for noninvasive and functional in vivo imaging of inflammation induced by green fluorescent protein (GFP) transfected bacteria in mice ear. Our imaging results demonstrated that the multimodal imaging technique is able to monitor the tissue immunovascular responses to infections with molecular specificity. Our study also indicated that the combination of photoacoustic and fluorescence microscopy imaging can simultaneously track the biochemical changes including the bacterial distribution and morphological change of blood vessels in the biological tissues with high resolution and enhanced sensitivity. Consequently, the developed method paves a new avenue for improving the understanding of the pathology mechanism of inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T04:10:16Z","timestamp":1547179816000},"page":"238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Dual-Modal In Vivo Fluorescence\/Photoacoustic Microscopy Imaging of Inflammation Induced by GFP-Expressing Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yubin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China"}]},{"given":"Mengze","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-6263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03261.x","article-title":"Chronic inflammation: Importance of NOD2 and NALP3 in interleukin-1\u03b2 generation","volume":"147","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. 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