{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T11:00:50Z","timestamp":1776942050175,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2221-E-018-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2221-E-018-012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Superior to the traditional infrared temperature sensing architecture including infrared sensor and thermistor, we propose a novel sensing approach based on a single thermopile sensor with dual modes modulation. A switching and sensing circuit is proposed and realized with a chopper amplifier AD8551 and p-channel MOSFET (PMOS) for switching between detection of thermal radiation and the target and the ambient temperature for compensation. The error of target temperature after temperature compensation is estimated at less than 0.14 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T03:09:13Z","timestamp":1547608153000},"page":"336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Novel Infrared Temperature Measurement with Dual Mode Modulation of Thermopile Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Chih-Hsiung","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50074, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50074, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ting","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City 50074, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(97)01733-0","article-title":"The Prandtl micro flow sensor (PMFS): A novel silicon diaphragm capacitive sensor for flow-velocity measurement","volume":"66","author":"Berberig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-4247(90)85066-D","article-title":"Resonating microbridge mass flow sensor","volume":"21\u201323","author":"Bouwstra","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-4247(95)01023-8","article-title":"Pyroelectric anemometry: Vektor and swirl measurement","volume":"49","author":"Hsieh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-4247(91)87054-7","article-title":"Silicon gas flow sensors using industrial CMOS and bipolar IC technology","volume":"27","author":"Moser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/9\/2\/320","article-title":"Bi-directional fast flow sensor with a large dynamic range","volume":"9","author":"Jansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Micromech. Microeng."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-4247(97)01529-X","article-title":"Asymmetrical locations of heaters and sensors relative to each other using heater arrays: A novel method for designing multi-range electrocalorimetric mass-flow sensors","volume":"62","author":"Nguyen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R59","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/18\/7\/R01","article-title":"Review of micromachined thermopiles for infrared detection","volume":"18","author":"Graf","year":"2007","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"338","article-title":"Seebeck\u2019s effect in micromachined thermopiles for infrared detection","volume":"13","author":"Alexander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Est. Acad. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, C.H., and Chang, T.D. (2018, January 26\u201328). Modelling and infrared radiation compensation for non-contact temperature measurement. Proceedings of the International Conference on Technological Advances of Sensors and Instrumentation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/383\/1\/012023"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, C.H., and Lin, P.H. (2018, January 26\u201328). Research on an ultra-low power thermoelectric-type anemometer. Proceedings of the International Conference on Technological Advances of Sensors and Instrumentation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/383\/1\/012021"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Clocker, K., Sengupta, S., Lindsay, M., and Johnston, M.L. (November, January 29). Single-element thermal flow sensor using dual-slope control scheme. Proceedings of the IEEE Sensors, Glasgow, UK."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/2\/336\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:26:18Z","timestamp":1760185578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/2\/336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["s19020336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19020336","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]]}}}