{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:12:39Z","timestamp":1770354759841,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The existing phase-shift methods are effective in achieving high-speed, high-precision, high-resolution, real-time shape measurement of moving objects; however, a phase-unwrapping method that can handle the motion of target objects in a real environment and is robust against global illumination as well is yet to be established. Accordingly, a robust and highly accurate method for determining the absolute phase, using a minimum of three steps, is proposed in this study. In this proposed method, an order structure that rearranges the projection pattern for each period of the sine wave is introduced, so that solving the phase unwrapping problem comes down to calculating the pattern order. Using simulation experiments, it has been confirmed that the proposed method can be used in high-speed, high-precision, high-resolution, three-dimensional shape measurements even in situations with high-speed moving objects and presence of global illumination. In this study, an experimental measurement system was configured with a high-speed camera and projector, and real-time measurements were performed with a processing time of 1.05 ms and a throughput of 500 fps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T11:30:27Z","timestamp":1547724627000},"page":"377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pixelwise Phase Unwrapping Based on Ordered Periods Phase Shift"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tabata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Physics and Computing, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}]},{"given":"Michika","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Physics and Computing, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-G2-31, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Creative Informatics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1515\/aot-2016-0047","article-title":"High-speed optical 3D sensing and its applications","volume":"5","author":"Watanabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. 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