{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:11:56Z","timestamp":1772115116123,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Molecular communications provide an attractive opportunity to precisely regulate biological signaling in nano-medicine applications of body area networks. In this paper, we utilize molecular communication tools to interpret how neural signals are generated in response to external stimuli. First, we propose a chain model of molecular communication system by considering three types of biological signaling through different communication media. Second, communication models of hormonal signaling, Ca      2 +      signaling and neural signaling are developed based on existing knowledge. Third, an amplify-and-forward relaying mechanism is proposed to connect different types of signaling. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed communication system facilitates the information exchange between the neural system and nano-machines, and suggests that proper adjustment can optimize the communication system performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19020395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T11:26:55Z","timestamp":1547810815000},"page":"395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chain Modeling of Molecular Communications for Body Area Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-1649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunica-Tions, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Communication and Networks in Chongqing, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ubiquitous Sensing and Networking in Chongqing, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunica-Tions, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Communication and Networks in Chongqing, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ubiquitous Sensing and Networking in Chongqing, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunica-Tions, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Optical Communication and Networks in Chongqing, Chongqing 400065, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ubiquitous Sensing and Networking in Chongqing, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2014.012214.00007","article-title":"A survey on wireless body area networks: Technologies and design challenges","volume":"16","author":"Cavallari","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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