{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T21:13:13Z","timestamp":1769202793121,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper proposes an improved Traffic Class Prioritization based Carrier Sense Multiple Access\/Collision Avoidance (TCP-CSMA\/CA) scheme for prioritized channel access to heterogenous-natured Bio-Medical Sensor Nodes (BMSNs) for IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) in intra-Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). The main advantage of the scheme is to provide prioritized channel access to heterogeneous-natured BMSNs of different traffic classes with reduced packet delivery delay, packet loss, and energy consumption, and improved throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The prioritized channel access is achieved by assigning a distinct, minimized and prioritized backoff period range to each traffic class in every backoff during contention. In TCP-CSMA\/CA, the BMSNs are distributed among four traffic classes based on the existing patient\u2019s data classification. The Backoff Exponent (BE) starts from 1 to remove the repetition of the backoff period range in the third, fourth, and fifth backoffs. Five moderately designed backoff period ranges are proposed to assign a distinct, minimized, and prioritized backoff period range to each traffic class in every backoff during contention. A comprehensive verification using NS-2 was carried out to determine the performance of the TCP-CSMA\/CA in terms of packet delivery delay, throughput, PDR, packet loss ratio (PLR) and energy consumption. The results prove that the proposed TCP-CSMA\/CA scheme performs better than the IEEE 802.15.4 based PLA-MAC, eMC-MAC, and PG-MAC as it achieves a 47% decrease in the packet delivery delay and a 63% increase in the PDR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T11:12:48Z","timestamp":1548328368000},"page":"466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Traffic Class Prioritization-Based Slotted-CSMA\/CA for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC in Intra-WBANs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4076-1600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhan","family":"Masud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Statistics &amp; Computer Science, Faculty of Life Sciences Business Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Abdul Hanan","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Altameem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Applied Studies and Community Services, King Saud University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Gaddafi","family":"Abdul-Salaam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Physical and Computational Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science &amp; Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, KNUST\u2014Kumasi 00233, Ghana"}]},{"given":"Farkhana","family":"Muchtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"},{"name":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, L., Guo, L., Deng, H., Lin, K., Yu, L., Gao, W., and Saeed, I.A. 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