{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:32:14Z","timestamp":1760239934799,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51538003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51538003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0701102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0701102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Program of China","award":["51827811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51827811"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Technology Innovation Program","award":["JCYJ20170811160003571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20170811160003571"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Structural health monitoring technologies have provided extensive methods to sense the stress of steel structures. However, monitored stress is a relative value rather than an absolute value in the structure\u2019s current state. Among all the stress measurement methods, ultrasonic methods have shown great promise. The shear-wave amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum contain stress information along the propagation path. In this study, the influence of uniaxial stress on the amplitude and phase spectra of a shear wave propagating in steel members was investigated. Furthermore, the shear-wave amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum were compared in terms of characteristic frequency (CF) collection, parametric calibration, and absolute stress measurement principles. Specifically, the theoretical expressions of the shear-wave amplitude and phase spectra were derived. Three steel members were used to investigate the effect of the uniaxial stress on the shear-wave amplitude and phase spectra. CFs were extracted and used to calibrate the parameters in the stress measurement formula. A linear relationship was established between the inverse of the CF and its corresponding stress value. The test results show that both the shear-wave amplitude and phase spectra can be used to evaluate uniaxial stress in structural steel members.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T11:30:00Z","timestamp":1548415800000},"page":"492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Influence of Uniaxial Stress on the Shear-Wave Spectrum Propagating in Steel Members"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zuohua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingbo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diankun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8448-5580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apor.2003.08.003","article-title":"Structural health monitoring of offshore structures using ambient excitation","volume":"25","author":"Nichols","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. 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