{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:20:34Z","timestamp":1762431634735,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]],"date-time":"2019-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the active vibration control of a piezo-bonded laminated composite is investigated in the presence of sensor partial debonding and structural delamination. Improved layerwise theory, higher-order electric potential field, and the finite-element method were employed to develop an electromechanically coupled model for the two types of damage (i.e., sensor partial debonding and delamination). The developed model was numerically implemented on a single-input-multi-output (SIMO) system to demonstrate the effects of sensor partial debonding and structural delamination on the ability of a constant gain velocity feedback (CGVF) controller to attenuate vibration. The two types of damage were assessed in terms of controlled outputs of the sensors, nodal displacements, and control input signals being applied to the actuator to suppress vibrations. The obtained results showed that the sensor partial debonding and structural delamination have opposite effects on the vibration-attenuation characteristics of the CGVF controller. The presence of partial debonding in the sensor made the controller less able to suppress vibrations because of a spurious sensing signal, whereas structural delamination increased the control authority of the controller because of the loss of structural stiffness that results from structural delamination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T03:40:55Z","timestamp":1548733255000},"page":"540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Active Vibration Control of a Piezo-Bonded Laminated Composite in the Presence of Sensor Partial Debonding and Structural Delaminations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Asif","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pil-dong 1 Gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7057-5174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pil-dong 1 Gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2012.11.026","article-title":"Morphing wing flexible skins with curvilinear fiber composites","volume":"99","author":"Murugan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/14\/4\/033","article-title":"Analytical development of single crystal macro fiber composite actuators for active twist rotor blades","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gay, D., and Hoa, S.V. (2007). Composite Materials: Design and Applications, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420045208"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, Q., and Ou, J. (2018). Self-sensing cfrp fabric for structural strengthening and damage detection of reinforced concrete structures. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124137"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, Q., Kong, Q., Jiang, J., Liang, Y., and Song, G. (2017). Detection of interfacial debonding in a rubber\u2013steel-layered structure using active sensing enabled by embedded piezoceramic transducers. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092001"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.3390\/s130302997","article-title":"Vibration analysis of composite laminate plate excited by piezoelectric actuators","volume":"13","author":"Her","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389X17692052","article-title":"Analysis of sensor-debonding failure in active vibration control of smart composite plate","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2007.10.030","article-title":"A theoretical study on shape control of arbitrary lay-up laminates using piezoelectric actuators","volume":"83","author":"Ren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shankar, G., Mahato, P.K., and Keshava Kumar, S. (2018). Transient analysis and control of delaminated composite plates in hygrothermal environment using active fiber composite actuator. Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct., 1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1080\/15376494.2018.1512021"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1177\/1475921706067740","article-title":"Analysis of piezoelectric composite beams and plates with multiple delaminations","volume":"5","author":"Raja","year":"2006","journal-title":"Struct. Health Monit."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.2514\/2.7295","article-title":"Dynamic analysis of composite laminates with multiple delamination using improved layerwise theory","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1177\/0731684415593815","article-title":"Quantitative identification of delamination at different interfaces using guided wave signals in composite laminates","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Reinf. Plast. Compos."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0961-9526(91)90039-U","article-title":"Matrix cracking in laminated composites: A review","volume":"1","author":"Abrate","year":"1991","journal-title":"Compos. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2018.10.002","article-title":"On matrix cracking and splits modeling in laminated composites","volume":"115","author":"Le","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl.Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Jain, A., Upadhyay, C., and Mohite, P. (2009, January 19\u201320). Fibre breaking damage model for unidirectional fibrous composites using micromechanics. Proceedings of the 16th National Seminar on Aerospace Structures (NASAS), Mumbai, India."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2011.0441","article-title":"The role of delamination in failure of fibre-reinforced composites","volume":"370","author":"Wisnom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2013.12.016","article-title":"Free-edge interlaminar stress analysis of piezo-bonded composite laminates under symmetric electric excitation","volume":"51","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7683(94)00229-P","article-title":"A refined hybrid plate theory for composite laminates with piezoelectric laminae","volume":"32","author":"Mitchell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.2514\/3.9792","article-title":"Use of piezoelectric actuators as elements of intelligent structures","volume":"25","author":"Crawley","year":"1987","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.2514\/3.10984","article-title":"Finite element analysis of composite structures containing distributed piezoceramic sensors and actuators","volume":"30","author":"Ha","year":"1992","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"095004","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-665X\/aacc95","article-title":"A quadratic piezoelectric multi-layer shell element for fe analysis of smart laminated composite plates induced by mfc actuators","volume":"27","author":"Gohari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-8368(96)00043-1","article-title":"A higher order theory for modeling composite laminates with induced strain actuators","volume":"28","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2008.04.018","article-title":"Static analysis of cross-ply laminated plates with integrated surface piezoelectric layers using differential quadrature","volume":"88","author":"Alibeigloo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s12206-018-0122-4","article-title":"A layerwise finite element formulation of laminated composite cylindrical shells with piezoelectric layers","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mech. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"085018","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/19\/8\/085018","article-title":"Concise analysis of wave propagation using the spectral element method and identification of delamination in cf\/ep composite beams","volume":"19","author":"Peng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"015052","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/17\/1\/015052","article-title":"Modelling of a piezoceramic patch actuator for velocity feedback control","volume":"17","author":"Aoki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2008.05.037","article-title":"Optimal vibration control of smart fiber reinforced composite shell structures using improved genetic algorithm","volume":"319","author":"Roy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Sound Vib."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.2514\/3.10451","article-title":"Positive position feedback control for large space structures","volume":"28","author":"Fanson","year":"1990","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0263-8231(00)00013-6","article-title":"Dynamic analysis of piezoceramic actuation effects on plate vibrations","volume":"37","author":"Proulx","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.2514\/1.J053166","article-title":"Active vibration control of piezolaminated composite plates considering strong electric field nonlinearity","volume":"53","author":"Kapuria","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bendine, K., Boukhoulda, F., Haddag, B., and Nouari, M. (2017). Active vibration control of composite plate with optimal placement of piezoelectric patches. Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct., 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1080\/15376494.2017.1387324"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1177\/1045389X12463465","article-title":"Optimal vibration control of smart composite beams with optimal size and location of piezoelectric sensing and actuation","volume":"24","author":"Stupar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2014.04.068","article-title":"Analysis of laminated composite plates integrated with piezoelectric sensors and actuators using higher-order shear deformation theory and isogeometric finite elements","volume":"96","author":"Thai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Knauss, W., and Gonzalez, L. (2001). Global Failure Modes in Composite Structures, California Institute of Technology. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1305.2007.00302.x","article-title":"Failure of composite materials","volume":"43","author":"Daniel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Strain"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:11(1222)","article-title":"Detecting sensor failure via decoupled error function and inverse input\u2013output model","volume":"133","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Eng. Mech."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/16\/5\/012","article-title":"Active vibration control of smart plates with partially debonded multilayered pzt actuators","volume":"16","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s12541-015-0109-y","article-title":"Active vibration control of smart composite laminates with partial debonding of actuator","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7683(01)00180-9","article-title":"Effects of piezoelectric sensor\/actuator debonding on vibration control of smart beams","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-7949(03)00150-0","article-title":"Characterization of delamination effect on composite laminates using a new generalized layerwise approach","volume":"81","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. Struct."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.2514\/2.1596","article-title":"Interlaminar stress analysis of shell structures with piezoelectric patch including thermal loading","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2009.01.004","article-title":"Finite element modeling of composite plates with internal delamination","volume":"90","author":"Alnefaie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munteanu, E., and Ursu, I. (July, January 30). Piezo smart composite wing with LQG\/LTR control. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Cambridge, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISIE.2008.4677165"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Viresh, W., and Zimcik, D. (2006, January 5). Development and verification of real-time controllers for the F\/A-18 vertical fin buffet load alleviation. Proceedings of the Smart Structures and Materials 2006: Smart Structures and Integrated Systems, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.649573"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/3\/540\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:29:05Z","timestamp":1760185745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/3\/540"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["s19030540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19030540","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,28]]}}}