{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T18:41:40Z","timestamp":1770489700864,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7038-00231B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7038-00231B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil surface measurements play an important role in the performance assessment of tillage operations and are relevant in both academic and industrial settings. Manual soil surface measurements are time-consuming and laborious, which often limits the amount of data collected. An experiment was conducted to compare two approaches for measuring and analysing the cross-sectional area and geometry of a furrow after a trailing shoe sweep. The compared approaches in this study were a manual pinboard and a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor. The experiments were conducted in coarse sand and loamy sand soil bins exposed to three levels of irrigation. Using the LiDAR, a system for generating 3D scans of the soil surface was obtained and a mean furrow geometry was introduced to study the geometrical variations along the furrows. A comparison of the cross-sectional area measurements by the pinboard and the LiDAR showed up to 41% difference between the two methods. The relation between irrigation and the resulting furrow area of a trailing shoe sweep was investigated using the LiDAR measurements. The furrow cross-sectional area increased by 11% and 34% under 20 mm and 40 mm irrigation compared to non-irrigated in the coarse sand experiment. In the loamy sand, the cross-sectional area increased by 17% and 15% by irrigation of 20 mm and 40 mm compared to non-irrigated measured using the LiDAR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T11:51:12Z","timestamp":1549453872000},"page":"661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["LiDAR-Based 3D Scans of Soil Surfaces and Furrows in Two Soil Types"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Frederik F.","family":"Foldager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark"},{"name":"Agro Intelligence ApS, Agro Food Park 13, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9026-5031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna Maria","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Inge Lehmanns Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Esben","family":"Haubro Skov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agro Intelligence ApS, Agro Food Park 13, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0288-2978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alevtina","family":"Evgrafova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agro Intelligence ApS, Agro Food Park 13, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agro Intelligence ApS, Agro Food Park 13, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2007.07.008","article-title":"A new vision-based approach to differential spraying in precision agriculture","volume":"60","author":"Tellaeche","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. 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