{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:32:44Z","timestamp":1760239964206,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a bi-level Delta-Sigma modulator-based MEMS gyroscope design is presented based on a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach. The MPC is popular because of its capability of handling hard constraints. In this work, we propose to combine the 1-bit nature of the bi-level Delta-Sigma modulator output with the MPC to develop a 1-bit processing-based MPC (OBMPC). This paper will focus on the affine relationship between the 1-bit feedback and the in-loop MPC controller, as this can potentially remove the multipliers from the controller. In doing so, the computational requirement of the MPC control is significantly alleviated, which makes the 1-bit MEMS Gyroscope feasible for implementation. In addition, a stable constrained MPC is designed, so that the input will not overload the quantizer while maintaining a higher Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19030730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T03:18:20Z","timestamp":1549941500000},"page":"730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Design of a 1-bit MEMS Gyroscope using the Model Predictive Control Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Space Systems Laboratory, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Space Systems Laboratory, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueliang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraft, M., and Ding, H. 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